词缀法上课版例析.pptVIP

word-formation 构词法derivation 词缀法 derivation词缀法 词缀 affix 词根/词干root/stem 前缀prefix/后缀 suffix 后缀决定词性 前缀决定词义 动词后缀 -ize, ise, yze表示“做成，变成，……化” modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize -en, 表示“使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden -fy, 表示“使……化, 使成” beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify -ish, 表示“使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish -ate/ite, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate, ignite, unite 名词后缀 -s/es 表名词复数 bays, zoos, watches, boxes, potatoes -ing 动词的动名词 fishing, washing, shopping -ness, 表示性质，状态，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 名词后缀 -y 加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后, “人或小东西”常带有戏谑性和爱称 fatty, doggy -ty,-ity, 表示“性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity, beauty -ivity，由-ive+ity组成，“有…能力或特 productivity, resistivity -bility, 表示动作，性质，状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 名词后缀 -ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示“行为的过程，结果，状况” action, solution, destruction, expression, correction, conclusion, competition -ure/sure/ture/iture/ature, 表示“行为，结果” pressure, procedure(手续), exposure, composure, signature -ment, 表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果” treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument -age, 数量；动作；身份；地方；费用 passage, postage -al arrival, refusal, proposal 名词后缀 表人或物 -or/er/ess/crat/ian/ist/ive: worker, debtor ,actress, democrat, physician, realist, detective -ate/ite “人或地位” graduate, delegate, candidate, elite, favorite, socialite -ant/ent “人或药剂” observant, president - -dom, 表示等级，领域，状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom -hood, 表示“资格，身份, 年纪，状态” childhood, manhood, falsehood -ship, 表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship -mony “结果，情况，状态” ceremony, 名词后缀 -grapy, 表示“……学，写法” biography, geography, calligraphy, -ic, ics, 表示“……学……法” logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics -ology, 表示“……学……论” biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) -nomy, 表示……学……术 astronomy, economy, 名词后缀 形容词后缀 带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义 -y 加在名词后变成形容词 windy, sleepy, homey -er/est faster, slower, bigger, fattest, -ist realist, socialist, capitalist -ic (注意logic) –ic