laminarand turbulent boundary layers（laminarand湍流边界层）.docVIP

Laminar and Turbulent Boundary Layers The turbulent eddies transfer momentum from layer to layer producing large differences: The turbulent boundary layer is much thicker than the laminar one and the thickness increases more rapidly with distance from the leading edge. The turbulent velocity profile is much fuller near the wall, and flatter some distance from the wall. The skin friction is much larger in turbulent than in laminar flow. Effects on the Critical Reynolds Number for Transition The Critical Reynolds Number Re Depends upon: Free stream turbulence Surface roughness Vibration Pressure distribution - - - - 200,000 to 1.5 x 106 Critical Re ( Summary of Boundary Layer Relationships Laminar Boundary Turbulent Boundary Layer Layer ( = 5.2 L/(Re)1/2 (= .37 L/(Re).2 with Re = VL/( ( = 5.2 L/(VL/()1/2 or ( ( L1/2 ( ( L4/5 CfL = .664/(Re)1/2 Local Drag Coefficient Cf = 1.328/(Re)1/2 Total Drag Coefficient Cf = 1.328/(VL/()1/2 Cf = 0.455/(Log10 Re)2.58 Cf (L-1/2 Drag D = Cf ((1/2)V2S Power Required to Overcome Drag Assume that the power required by an engine to overcome skin friction drag is a function of the friction coefficient Cf ( provided from an empirical formula). The following variables are considered important: Power, P (ML2T-3) Wing Cord, c (L) Wing Span, S (L) Speed, V (LT-1) Density, ( (ML-3) Express the Power required in terms of the drag force and any other variables. N=5 and K=3 and there will be 2 dimensionless groups k-set choice - (, V, S (1 = P (A VB SC (1 = (ML2T-3) (ML-3)A (LT-1)B (L)C mass: 1+A=0 A=-1 length: 2-3A+B+C=0 C=-2 time: -3-B=0 B=-3 (1 = P (-1 V-3 S-2 (2 = c (A VB SC (1 = (L) (ML-3)A (LT-1)B (L)