n s1 draft1-20000131- g r s（n s1 draft1 r s - 20000131 g）.docVIP

DS405 Rev. 10 Date: 2010-12-09 IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS for protecting people and the environment Status: STEP 12 For submission to the CSS. Reviewed in SSCS (KAsfaw), ISSC (AGodoy) and Chairman NUSSC (GV) Volcanic Hazards in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations DS405 DRAFT SPECIFIC SAFETY GUIDE New Specific Safety Guide IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency (Front inside cover) IAEA SAFETY RELATED PUBLICATIONS  .FOREWORD  CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 BACKGROUND 1 OBJECTIVE 2 SCOPE 3 STRUCTURE 6 2. OVERVIEW OF VOLCANIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT 7 NATURE OF VOLCANIC PHENOMENA AND VOLCANIC HAZARDS 7 GEOLOGICAL RECORD AND DATA UNCERTAINTY 11 ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF VOLCANISM 12 VOLCANO CAPABILITY 13 DETERMINISTIC AND PROBABILISTIC APPROACHES 13 3. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS 15 INTRODUCTION 15 GENERAL PROCEDURE 17 Stage 1 - Initial assessment 17 Stage 2 – Characterization of potential sources of future volcanic activity 18 Stage 3 – Screening of volcanic hazards 18 Stage 4 – Hazard assessment of capable volcanoes 19 Additional considerations 19 4. NECESSARY INFORMATION AND INVESTIGATIONS (DATABASE) 19 OVERVIEW 19 INFORMATION NECESSARY FOR THE INITIAL ASSESSMENT (STAGE 1) 21 INFORMATION NECESSARY FOR HAZARD SCREENING AND SITE SPECIFIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT (STAGES 2-4) 22 Geological and volcanological data 23 Geophysical and geochemical survey data 26 Other phenomenological observations 29 Monitoring for unrest and eruptions 30 Emerging techniques 30 5. SCREENING OF VOLCANIC HAZARDS 30 STAGE 1: INITIAL ASSESSMENT 31 STAGE 2: CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL SOURCES OF FUTURE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY 32 STAGE 3: SCREENING OF VOLCANIC HAZARDS 34 6. SITE SPECIFIC VOLCANIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT 36 TEPHRA FALLOUT 38 PYROCLASTIC DENSITY CURRENTS: PYROCLASTIC FLOWS, SURGES AND BLASTS 39 LAVA FLOWS 42 DEBRIS AVALANCHES, LANDSLIDES AND SLOPE FAILURES 43 VOLCANIC DEBRIS FLOWS, LAHARS AND FLOODS 45 OPENING OF NEW VENTS 47 VOLCANO GENERATED MISSILES 49 VOLCANIC