ppt课件-the sun- wayne state university（太阳-韦恩州立大学）.pptVIP

January 31, 2006 Astronomy 2010 Chapter 14: The Sun: A Garden-Variety Star The Sun Biggest object in the solar system diameter 1,392,000 km 109x earth diameter 10x Jupiter diameter Most Massive 333,000x earth mass 1000x Jupiter mass so heavy, everything else orbits around it! so heavy, it makes its own heat and light Temperature 15,000,000 K in its core nuclear power! The Sun: Profile Chemical Composition Same elements as on Earth Different proportions Discovered by Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin 1st woman to get PhD in AST Mostly Hydrogen Some Helium + traces mostly atoms but some molecules (H20, CO) Suns Interior from inside out: Core Radiative Zone Convection Zone Photosphere Chromosphere Transition Region Corona I. Suns Core innermost 10% of suns mass generates energy from nuclear fusion – highest temperature and density temperature 15 million K density = 160x density of water = 20x density of iron at this temperature suns core is a gas no molten interior How does heat from the core reach us? Three ways to transfer heat: conduction: spoon in coffee cup gets warm convection: currents of warm gas flow from hot to cold hot air rises boiling water, spaghetti sauce radiation: photons travel from heat source – absorbed by cooler material space heater hold hands close to electric stove II. Radiative Zone radiation transfers heat from interior to cooler outer layers core + radiation zone = 85% of sun temperature drops from 15 million K inside to 2 million K at edge of zone photons too energetic to be absorbed by atoms it takes 170,000 years for the energy to escape the radiation zone! III. Convection Zone matter above the radiative zone is cooler – only 2 million K – atoms can absorb energy and hold on to it convection: most efficient means of energy transfer hotter material near the top of the radiation zone (the bottom of the convection zone) rises while the cooler material sinks – heated below like a pot of boiling water it takes a week for the hot mater