词的翻译技巧__培训课件.ppt

* Context  根据词性和上下文来确定词义： 例1 ： The temperature will fall to normal within 48 hours. 译文： 体温将在48小时内降为正常。(fall： 动词，下降) 例2 ： Some patients respond with a fall in blood pressure. 译文： 某些病人的反应是血压下降。(fall： 名词，下降) 例3 ： The child fell ill this morning. 译文： 今天早晨孩子病了。(fall： 系动词，变得) * Extension of Word Meanings Concretion/Specification 具体化引申 Abstraction 抽象化引申 * Concretion/Specification The car in front of me suddenly stopped and I missed the green. 我前面的那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯。 Public opinion demands that something should be done to end the strike. 众舆论要求采取措施结束罢工 * Abstraction 1.Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有起起落落。 2.The character of these people is a mixture of the tiger and the ape. 帝国主义者的性格既残暴，又狡猾。 * 医学专用词汇 Diana complex 戴安娜独身情结 Blood deficiency 血虚 Different treatments for the same disease 同病异治 blue spot 青斑 brain Concussion 脑震荡 Dysphasia说话困难 Achilles jerk 跟腱反射 Shift of Parts of speech 名词转换成动词 （1）The streets are marked by an abence of color. （2）The prevention of sudden cardiac death by long-term administration of antirrhythmic drugs is based on sound physiological principles. 街上明显缺乏色彩。 长期服用抗心率失常药来预防心脏病引起的猝死，是以正确可靠的生理学原理为根据的。 形容词转换成动词 (1) In those years the Republicans were in. (2) But this very formulation is indicative of the underlying attitude. 那些年是共和党执政。 但这一说法本身已表明其根本态度。 形容词与副词的转换 (1) My son threw me a quizzical look, but I gave a loud laugh. (2) The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries. (3) Traditionally, there had always been good relations betwen them. 儿子挪揄地瞅了我一眼，我大笑了一声。（ adj adv） 贸易有很大的增加，给两国都带来了好处。(adv adj) 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。 其他词类之间的转换 (1) A week after his prelude to the Presidents visit, China was in. (2) The security and warmth of the destroyers sick bay were wonderful. (3) We find difficulty in solving this problem. 在他为总统出访所作的序幕之行一周后，中国成了最时新的话题。（这里in是形容词，意为“时新的”）（adj---n） 驱逐舰的病房很安全，也很温暖，简直棒极了。（n---adj） 我们觉得难以解决这个问题。（n---adv）