岛津气相色谱质谱仪教材幻灯片.ppt

About main pump , Turbo molecular pump and oil diffusion pump is usually used. In turbo molecular pump, rotating blades with high speed is used for evacuating. In oil diffusion pump the heated oil is used. Generally speaking, turbo molecular pump is more expensive but shows more excellent performance. Especially, diffusion pump may give contamination by oil . This is serious when electric power failure. There are two types of pumping system. One is simply single pumping system, whole chamber is evacuated by a single main pump. The other is differential pumping system In this system, the room containing the rod and the detector is isolated from ion source room with a wall having a small hole for ion passage.　The two rooms are respectively evacuated by two main pumps. Even if carrier gas flows into MS, gas entering into the rod room is very small. So the room of rod and detector is kept in high vacuum for high flow rate carrier gas. At EI ionization , a molecule is broken up at weak bonds by electron energy. Consider a molecules composed of A,B,C,D. If there is no fragmentation, the ion ABCD+ is generated. We call such an ion “ molecular ion” If the bond connecting C D is cut,ion ABC+ or D+ is generated. Such broken ions are called “fragment ions” A compound shows a specific mass spectrum pattern. We use this spectrum as tool for identification. Some libraries on mass spectrom are published and we can get them. We can easily identify the measured spectrum by “library search” routine program. Note that the spectra on libraries are measured with electrons of 70 eV energy. We call most intense peak in the mass spectrum “ base peak”. This is the example of EI spectra. The upper is for Benzene. The base peak is the molecular ion 78 The lower is for Acetone The base peak is the fragment ion 43 In QP type mass spectrometer, ions are separated in quadrupole rods. Quadrupole rods are consists of four rods and the voltage is applied