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2.1概述Summary 刀具材料是指刀具切削部分的材料。刀具材料性能的优劣对于切削过程、加工精度、表面质量及生产效率有着直接的影响。本章重点讲述高速钢、硬质合金的特性、典型牌号和选用原则。 Tool material is the cutting material of a tool.?The performance of the tool material has a direct effect on cutting process, machining accuracy, the surface quality and production efficiency. The emphasis is performance, typical grade and selection principle?of high speed steel and carbide. 2.1.1刀具材料应具备的性能 2.1.1The performance of cutting tool material 刀具的工作条件：大切削力，较高切削温度，剧烈摩擦且由于余量不均匀、断续切削而受较大冲击力、振动。 因此，对刀具材料的有以下一些基本要求： The working condition of cutting tool is : big cutting force, high cutting temperature, high friction , uneven machining margin, interrupted cutting, big impact force and vibration. So,?basic requirements of tool material are put forward. 一. 高硬度和耐磨性：刀具材料的硬度应比工件材料高1.3~1.5倍，常温HRC60以上；耐磨性：指抗磨损能力，是材料机械性能、组织结构和化学性能的综合反映?。一般认为，刀具材料的硬度越高，马氏体中合金元素越多，金属碳化物的数量越多，晶粒越细，分布越均匀，耐磨性就越好。 1. high hardness and ?wear resistance ??Hardness of the tool material could reach to HRC60 under the normal temperature?, higher about 1.3~1.5 than that of the work piece. The ?wear resistance means material?antiwear property, which is affected by mechanical properties, microstructure and chemical properties. In general, the higher hardness, the higher wear resistance. The more contents of alloy elements in martensite（马氏体）;,the higher wear resistance. The more metallic carbide（金属碳化物）, the higher wear resistance. The smaller?size of grain, the higher wear resistance. The more homogeneous the grain distribution, the higher wear resistance. 二. 足够强度和韧性 在切削过程中，刀具承受很大的压力、冲击和振动，刀具材料必须具备足够的抗弯强度和冲击韧度。一般来说，刀具材料的硬度越高，其抗弯强度和冲击韧度就越低。 2 ?Strength and toughness In cutting process, tool works in high pressure, impact force and vibration. So the tool material must have enough bending strength and impact toughness. ?In general，the higher hardness, the lower bending strength and impact toughness. 抗弯强度bending strength 冲击韧度impact toughness 三. 耐热性：是指刀具材料在高温下保持硬度、耐磨性、强度和韧性的性能。 Heat resista