第1章计算机学科基础幻灯片.pptVIP

计算机学科基础 主讲：傅启明 fqm_1@126.com 本课程的目的 掌握计算机基础知识，掌握计算机硬件、软件和网络基础知识。使计算机专业的学生一进入大学就能够对自己今后学习的主要知识、专业方向有一个基本了解，为后续课程构建一个基本知识框架，为以后学习和掌握专业知识提供必要的专业指导。 采用原版教材，培养英文阅读能力，提高专业外语水平，为后续的双语课程打好基础。 /3e/ Chapter 1第一章 Chapter Goals 本章目标 Describe the layers of a computer system 描述计算机系统的分层 Describe the concept of abstraction and its relationship to computing 描述抽象的概念以及它与计算的关系 Describe the history of computer hardware and software 描述计算机硬件和软件的历史 Describe the changing role of the computer user 描述计算机用户转换的角色 Distinguish between systems programmers and applications programmers 区分系统程序员和应用程序员 Distinguish between computing as a tool and computing as a discipline 区分计算工具和计算学科 Computing Systems计算系统 Computing Systems计算系统 Layers of a Computing System计算系统的分层 Abstraction 抽象 Early History of Computing计算的历史 Early History of Computing计算的历史 UNIVAC First Generation Hardware (1951-1959)第一代硬件 Vacuum Tubes 真空管 Vacuum Tubes 真空管 Magnetic Drum 磁鼓 Magnetic Drum 磁鼓 Card Readers 卡片阅读器 Magnetic Tape Drivers 磁带驱动器 Second Generation Hardware (1959-1965)第二代硬件 Transistor 晶体管 Magnetic Cores 磁芯 Magnetic Disks 磁盘 Third Generation Hardware (1965-1971)第三代硬件 Integrated Circuits 集成电路 Kenbak-1 (1971) Terminal 终端 Fourth Generation Hardware (1971-?)第四代硬件 Apple I (1975) Apple II PC IBM PC Intel 8088 CPU Parallel Computing and Networking并行计算和网络 First Generation Software (1951-1959)第一代软件 Second Generation Software (1959-1965)第二代程序员 Third Generation Software (1965-1971)第三代软件 Systems Software 系统软件 utility programs, 实用程序 language translators, 语言翻译程序 and the operating system, which decides which programs to run and when. 操作系统 Separation between Users and Hardware 用户和硬件之间的分离 Computer programmers began to write programs to be used by people who did not know how to program Third Generation Software (1965-1971)第三代软件 Fourth Generation Software (1971-1989)第四代软件 Fifth Generation Software (1990- present)第五代软件 Computing as a Tool计算工具 Computing as a Discipline What can be (efficiently) autom