(英语三级语法主要考点2.docVIP

三级语法主要考点 2 2008年03月18日 星期二 12:56 7.虚拟语气 Ⅰ. 非真实条件句中的虚拟*(1) 三个基本形态(基础)“时态的倒退原则” 时间 if从句中的谓语的形式 主句中谓语的形式 现在 did/*were(系动词不论第几人称) 情态动词+do *过去 had done (过完) 情态动词+have done 将来(了解) were to/should do 情态动词+do 情态动词：????? would?? 会 (最常用) ????? should 应该????????? ????? could?? 能够…????? might?? 可能… *(2) 四种特殊形态a.倒装??? 当if条件句中出现了助动词should、had、were的时候，把if去掉助动词放在句首。(3种时态都可能出现) b.含蓄虚拟句(没有if出现，仍用虚拟)??? but for “要不是因为” (发生在过去)结构：But for____ , would have done. ??? without “如果没有” (发生在现在的情况多)?? 结构：Without____ , would do.?????? Without____ , would have done.考试时，不会在时态上做选择。 c.跳层虚拟句(难点) “一真一假”would have done(虚假的), but + 真实事件. (通常用一般过去时) 真实事件, otherwise/or would have done(虚假的).??????????? otherwise=or “否则” d.混合时间虚拟句(就考了一回)??? 条件句与主句时态不一，主句会给时间状语；??? 而在基本形态中不给时间状语。 Ⅱ. 从句中的虚拟(1) 名词性从句*a.宾语从句 (及物动词和介词后接宾语)??? 标志词(动)+ that (should) + do??? 标志词：要求,建议?????????????? ask, advis, beg, command, decide, demand, deserve, desire, determine, ?????????????? insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, suggest, urge b.同位语从句 (用与主语相同地位的句子补充说明)??? 标志词(名)+ that (should) + do??? 标志词：?????????????? advice, decision, demand, desire, order, preference, proposal, ?????????????? requirement, recommendation, suggestion *c.主语从句 (将复杂的主语放在了句尾；it是形式主语)??? It is (was)+标志词(形/过分) that (should)+do??? 标志词(形)：???????????????????? appropriate, desirable, essential, important, impossible, ????????????????????? necessary, natural, normal, urgent, vital??? 标志词(过分)：没考过强调句的标志词给的是状语。 d.表语从句(系动词后的从句)??? 标志词(名词)+ is (was) that (should)+do??? 标志词(作为主语的名词)：???????????????????? belief, doubt, evidence, fact, hope, idea, news, possibility, ???????????????????? proof, question, remark, reply, report, sign, thought (2)目的状语从句??? in case (should) + do?????? lest (should) + do?? “以防，万一” Ⅲ. 其他用法 (1) wish 希望 + that (宾语从句)??? 标志是：时间状语，一般是过去时间????? 结构：wish that had done(2) as if = as though “似乎，好象”???? 引导方式状语从句 主 从 现 过 过 过完 *(3) It’s (high) time (that) did???? “该是干什么的时候了”*(4) would