(词汇翻译打印.docVIP

Old English(450-1100) 1 The old English vocabulary has strong characteristics of the Germanic language. Compounds is an important word formation methods and alliteration is a special king of figures of speech. 2 Owing to the Christianising of Britain and the Vikings” invasions, old-english borrows some words from Latin and Scandianvian. 3 Inflectional language . old English is sometimes describes as the period of full inflections. Middle English (1100-1500) 1 A large part of the old English word stock have been replaced by French equivalents since the Norman conquest . A lot of French loan words were used at that time. 2 Romanization of English . Many old English prefixes and suffixes gradually lost their vitality or even disappeared, whereas a number of French or latin affixes were introduced into the language as new resources for word formation. 3 Inflectional language –analytic language Middle English is known as the period of leveled inflections. Modern English(1500—1700早期现代英语 1700—现在 后期现代英语) 1 The Renaissance: 14th_16th century under the impact of the renaissance there began the large scale adoption of foreign words through books. 2 Loan words from different countries The 18th and the early 19th century saw the overseas exploration of the British Empire ,so thousands of new words poured into English language from almost the entive inhabited world. 3 Word formation There are two main types of word formation methods :clipped words and blends 1.明枪易躲，暗箭难防 It is easy to dodge a spear thrust in the open, but difficult to guard against an arrow shot from hiding 脚踏两只船straddle two boats 脚踏实地 have a down-to-earth manner 胆小如鼠 as timid as a mouse顶天立地 dauntless 调虎离山 lure the tiger out of the mountains丢盔弃甲 throw away everything in headlong flight哭笑不得 not know whether to laugh or to cry 枯木逢春 get a new lease of life居高临下 occupy a commanding position 蒙在鼓里 be kept in the dark 2.糖葫芦 Tanghulu, a sugar-coated fruit on the stick which is a kind of children’s favourit