氮肥和密度处理对油菜机械收获损失率的影响研究..docVIP

氮肥和密度处理对油菜机械收获损失率的影响研究 左青松1,2 曹 石1 杨海燕1 黄海东1 廖庆喜1 冷锁虎2 吴江生1 周广生1* （1 华中农业大学,湖北武汉 430070; 2 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州 225009） 摘 要：以华油杂62为材料，采用机械直播的方式设置不同氮肥和密度处理，在油菜籽粒含水量10.86%～13.17% 时机械联合收获，通过测定不同部位的籽粒损失量，研究油菜机械收获损失率及各部分损失组成的差异。结果表明，机械收获总损失率在不同处理间存在差异，变幅为6.72%～8.56%。不同部位的损失组成差异较大，其中，自然脱落损失比例最小，各处理占总损失率的比例在2.20%～3.56%间；其次是割台损失，各处理占总损失率的比例变幅为25.18%～28.87%；清选和排杂损失组成比例最大，占总损失率的变幅为67.58%～72.55%，其中主要是夹带损失，占总损失率的59.70%～63.00%，而未脱粒角果比例损失组成较小，占7.88%～9.55%。总损失率与产量、氮肥用量及密度的相关系数分别为0.975**、0.916**和0.366，在油菜机械化生产过程中首先要确定适宜的施氮量获得高产，在高产的基础上降低收获损失率。 关键词: 油菜；机械化收获；损失率；损失组成 Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Density on the Loss Percentage and Composition of Mechanical Harvesting in Rapeseed ZUO Qing-Song1,2, CAO Shi1, YANG Hai-Yan1, HUANG Hai-Dong1, LIAO Qing-Xi1, LENG Suo-Hu2, WU Jiang-Sheng1, ZHOU Guang-Sheng1,* （1Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China；2Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China） Abstract: In this study, Huayouza 62 was planted by direct-seeding with three nitrogen fertilizer levels (120 kg N ha–1, 180 kg N ha–1 and 240 kg N ha–1 ) and three densities (15×104 plant ha–1, 30×104 plant ha–1 and 45×104 plant ha–1). When the moisture content of seeds was from 10.86% to13.17%, the loss percentage of mechanical harvesting was studied by collecting the loss amounts of different parts. The results showed that the range of the total loss percentage was from 6.72% to 8.56% under different treatments. Differences of the loss composition of the loss amount in different parts to the total loss amount were large. The loss amounts of natural dropping were least in different treatments, and the loss composition range was from 2.20% to 3.56%. The loss composition range of cutting platform was from 25.18% to 28.87%. The loss composition range of cleaning and discharging was from 67.58% to 72.55%. Among of the loss composition of cleaning and discharging the loss composition of mixed by straw and shell