2 公共部门职能精品课件.pptVIP

公共部门职能 一、参与资源配置 二、协调收入分配 三、促进经济稳定 政府的经济职能 市场经济运行中产生的无效率、不公平以及宏观经济失衡要求政府从多方面介入社会经济运行，从而政府在资源配置中的作用越来越大。 The Public sector then steps into these situations of market failure and fulfills different roles in response: “…market failure can render the benchmark model of perfect competition unworkable in the real world. These failures provide prima facie case表面上证据确凿的案件 for government intervention…” 政府的经济职能 在市场经济体制中，政府的具体经济职能一般被概括为三个方面：资源配置、收入分配和稳定经济。 Three Broad Functions of Government Allocative function: the allocative function stems from the fact that market failures distorts扭曲the allocation of resources in an economy. (Some examples of market failures include – incomplete markets, consumers of pure public goods have a strong incentive not to reveal their demand; consumers of mixed goods would either not reveal their demand for such goods or services or producers would find it impossible to enforce payment of the price; negative and positive externalities cause difficulties and so do “artificial” and “natural” monopolies). Governments have various instruments (direct and indirect interventions) at their disposal for correcting the allocative distortions resulting from incomplete and non-competitive markets. Three Broad Functions of Government Distributive function: “Market outcomes tend to exhibit considerable inequality in the distribution of income… no society regards the market-determined distribution of income as fair or just”. “Some commentators评论员have even suggested that a redistribution of income could improve the general well-being of society, even if it carried a cost in terms of lower levels of productivity or slower economic growth. In practice, however, there is a considerable disagreement about the appropriate criteria标准for evaluating the distributive function of government – which remains a key aspect of its role in a modern capitalist economy”. Three Broad Functions of Government Stabilization function: Stabilization function of gove