高中英语独立主格结构与悬垂分词摘要.doc

独立主格 一、 独立主格结构的含义和实质 “独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”，是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。一、 非谓语动词独立主格结构??在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。??Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.? ??有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系）??= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.??He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.??他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”）??= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.??The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.??由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）??= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.  A． 不定式“独立主格结构”??在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。??1．动词不定式用主动的形式??在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。??His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）??——ill you go to the concert tonight? ?你今晚去听音乐会吗？??—— sorryo many exercise-books to check, I really cant afford any time.对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。（＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight, I really cant afford any time.）??The four of us agreed on a division of labour, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。??（＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）??Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.??种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautifu