高速下轿转向系非线性振动的分岔特性研究.docVIP

高速下轿车转向系非线性振动的 分岔特性研究* 摘要：当轿车以80 k·m·h-1及以上速度行驶时，将会出现严重的前轮摆振现象。针对轿车高速行驶状态中出现的摆振问题建立了轿车转向系统4自由度非线性动力学模型，计及转向连杆的弹性作用，将该动力学模型简化为弹簧阻尼元件，综合考虑轮胎非线性侧向力、转向横拉杆铰链间隙，以及主销处的干摩擦等非线性因素，在车轮具有失衡量的情况下分析转向系统的非线性动力学特性，数值计算了动力学系统的分岔图、Poincare映射、频谱图，得到转向系统随动态参数变化的分岔规律和运动规律，基于施米特正交化方法计算振动系统的最大Lyapunov指数谱和特定分岔点的各维指数，确定系统的运动状态，划分系统的失稳区间，为转向系统动态参数的设计与优化以及非线性摆振的主动控制与被动控制提供了理论依据。 关键词：轿车转向系 多自由度非线性模型 Lyapunov 指数 Poincare映射 分岔特性分析 中图分类号：O322 Bifurcation Characteristics on Nonlinear Vibration of its Steering System when Car Running at a High Speed Abstract: Severe shimmy of a car’s front wheel occurs when it runs at a 80 k·m·h-1or higher speed. In allusion to this shimmy problem, a four degree of freedom nonlinear dynamic model of automotive steering is established. During modeling, the elastic function of steering link rod is taken over and the link rod is looked at spring-damper unit. Nonlinear factors including lateral force of tire, clearance of steering link rod, coulomb friction of the pin etc are added to this model. Under the condition that unbalance mass exists in the wheel, the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of steering system are analyzed. Bifurcation rules of the steering system are obtained by using the method of Poincare mapping and frequency chart analysis. Lyapunov exponent is calculated by Schmidt method. Unstable areas are divided and movement status is made certain. All the numerical results can provide the theoretical support for design or choice of steering system dynamic parameters and active or passive control of nonlinear shimmy. Keywords: Steering system of a car Multi-degree nonlinear model Lyapunov exponents Poincare mapping Bifurcation characteristics analysis 0 前言* * 西北农林科技大学博士科研启动基金资助项目(2010BSJJ016) , 中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(QN2011141), 国家自然科学基金51005114 ) 。2011-06-09 多数轿车属于独立悬架汽车，随着汽车性能要求的不断提高，大量的柔性杆件被广泛应用于汽车的各种结构之中，为了减少车辆的重量，降低能源消耗，衰减垂向振动与冲击，现代轿车广泛采用了弹性转向机构，加剧了转向系在不平衡力的作用下的振动[1-3]。 目前，国内外学者主要针对非独立悬架汽车转向系振动做了大量的研究工作，取得了显著的研究成果；对独立悬架汽车转向系振动问题研