c h a p t e r8 w i n t e r o p e r a t i o n s a n d s a l t, s a n d, a n d c h e m i c a l（w c h p t e r8 i n t e r o p e r t i o n s n d s l t,s d n,n d c h e m c l）.docVIP

cHAPTER 8: Winter Operations and Salt, Sand, and Chemical Management Snow/ice removal consists of plowing snow and ice from bridges, roadways, and shoulders. Sanding activities place abrasives on road and bridge surfaces to provide for temporary traction and safer driving. Temperature suppressant chemicals such as magnesium chloride (MgCl), are applied as an anti-icer or de-icer, and for pre-wetting of abrasives, for general winter maintenance. Winter weather and level of service guidelines help determine rates of application for abrasives and winter chemicals. Currently about ten million