陕西省礼泉县2016高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解联练（3.docVIP

陕西礼泉县2016高考英语阅读理解（二轮）联练（3） 【2014高考英语湖北省襄阳市统考试题】 A single tumor（肿瘤）can be made up of many separate cancers needing different treatments, say researchers． A team at the Institute of Cancer Research, London, has developed a new technique for measuring the diversity within a cancer． They showed extraordinary differences between cancerous cells and say traditional drugs may fail as they may be unable to kill all the mutated （突变）tissue．Experts said the fmdings would have far-reaching effects for treatments． A tumor starts as a single cell, which acquires mutations and eventually divides uncontrollably．But that is not the end of the process． Cancerous cells continue to mutate and become more aggressive, move round the body and resist drugs． This process is disordered and results in a diverse tumor containing cancerous cells that have mutated in different ways． This has huge implications for medicine, researcher Prof Mel Greaves told the BBC． His team at the Institute of Cancer Research investigated cancer diversity in five children with leukemia．They compared mutations in individual cancerous cells with a known database of mutations．Their results, published in the journal Genome Research, showed patients had between 2 and 10 genetically distinct leukemia．Prof Greaves said:Every patient doesnt have one cancer, they have multiple cancers． This is really a technical advance to get at this extraordinary complex diversity; it helps explain why we have such difficulty with advanced diseases． Scientists compare cancer diversity to a tree． The initial mutations the trunk will be common to all cancer cells． But then the tumor branches out． It means a treatment that targets one branch or sub-clone of the cancer might slow the disease, but they will never stop it． Prof Charles Swanton, who researches diversity at the University College London Cancer Institute, told the BBC:We call it pruning（修剪） the branches not cutting down the tree; treatment will remove