词组讲义专题讲解.doc

词 组 专 题 Part one: 动词短语 基本要点：动词常与介词和副词、形容词、名词搭配在一起，构成短语动词。最常见的有以下几类： I、动词+介词（at, for, after, on, to, with, of, from, in, into, through, about等）构成的词组,相当于一个及物动词,其宾语只能接在介词之后。 They finally agreed on the plan. This job calls for skills and patience. The bank was broken into last night. We’ll think about it. II、动词+副词(up, off, out, away, on, in, over, down, about,round/around等)构成的词组 1. 一部分为不及物动词短语，不能直接加宾语， 也无被动。如：break out, come about, come out 2．一部分为及物的动词短语, 其宾语如果是名词，可前可后；若是代词，则只能放在当中。 You can call your teacher up=You can call up your teacher You can call him up. We’ll think it over. III. 动词+副词+介词: 相当于及物动词 We must make up for the lost time. 我们必须弥补失去的时间。 Do I have to do away with my habit? 我是不是得除掉我的习惯？ IV. 动词+名词 / (反身)代词+介词: 相当于一及物动词 He never helps me without trying to take advantage of me. ( 利用) In school, I often take charge of various activities. （负责 / 管理） 一、常见介词、副词与常用动词构成的短语动词 1. V+about(介词：关于)：皆为及物短语动词 ask / inquire about: 询问…的情况 care about: 在乎;/介意;关注 quarrel about/over为…争论/争吵 argue about/over为…争论/ /辩论 debate about /on为/关于…辩论 discuss about讨论，议论 worry about：担心 concern about:关心，挂念 know/learn about:了解 read about:读知, 阅后得知 talk about:谈论 hear about:听说（=hear of） complain about（抱怨/投诉） bring about带来，造成 think about:考虑 speak about:谈到，谈论(=speak of) set about doing sth着手做某事 do sth about...想办法/采取措施解决... V+about(副词:到处/四周)：皆为不及物短语动词 walk/go about:四处走动 move about:四处走,经常搬家 wander about:漫步/徘徊 hang about :闲荡 come about : 发生 look about/around:环顾;(商店中)四处看 2. V+across（介词或副词） come across...:偶遇(=come upon) run across...:偶然发现/碰到 cut across: 抄近路穿过/横越; 影响 put /get(…) across to sb: 解释/传达，使某人明白… It took me an hour to get my intention across to her. 3. V+after(介词) be after:寻求,寻找，追求