新精典课件编汉英翻译教程(第二版)课时PPT.pptVIP

Chapter 2 The Criteria of Translation What is the function of translation criteria? A plumb-line for measuring the professional level of translation; A goal set for translators to strive after. 2 The three-character principle proposed by Yanfu in his translation of Evolution, Ethics and Other Essays 信: faithfulness 达: expressiveness 雅: elegance 严复 In translation, there are three difficulties to overcome, namely, faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. It is already very difficult to achieve faithfulness. Without expressiveness, mere faithfulness would mean work to no avail. 译文取明深义，故词句之间，时有所颠倒附益，不斤斤于字比句次，而意义则不倍本文。 The translation must express the profound meaning of the original. As for the word order and that of sentences in the original, there is no need to stick to them. He may make some changes where necessary. But in meaning, the translation must conform to the original. 《易经》曰：“修辞立诚”。子曰：“辞达而已”。又曰：“言之无文，行而不远”。三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。 译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信，已大难矣。顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也。 The Book of Change says that faithfulness is the first thing in wording . Confucius stated that what speech requires is only expressiveness. And again he said that language without literary grace cannot go far and wide. All these requirements mentioned above are indispensable both to writing and to translating. It may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, before Ceasar set foot in southern Britain, the whole countryside visible from windows of the room in which I write, was in what is called “the state of nature”. 赫胥黎独处一室之中，在英伦之南，背山而面野。槛外诸境，历历如在几下。乃悬想两千年前，当罗马大将恺彻未到时，此间有何景物。计惟有天造草昧，人工未施。 2. 刘重德： 信于内容(faithfulness) 达如其份(expressiveness切合文体（closeness) 3. 傅雷:重神似而不重形似 Resemblance in spirit rather than form 以效果而论,翻译应该像临画一样,所求不在形似,而在神似.以实际工作而论,比临画更难. Among average respectable woman envy plays an extraordinary large part. If you are sitting in the underground and a well-dressed woman happens to walk along the car, watch the eyes of the