【考点5】语法考点归纳5(定语从句、名词性从句).docVIP

【考点五】语法考点归纳5（定语从句、名词性从句） 定语从句考点归纳 高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上，包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词只有6个，即：that，which，who，whom，whose，as，关系副词只有3个，即：when，where，why。 选择关系代词和关系副词的方法：由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用（引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分），所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。把先行项/词还原到从句中，看看该用什么关系词来替代。例如： I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是：the scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语，这里该填whose。又如：The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. 把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句：I studied for two years in the school. “in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语，在从句中作状语，要用where（=in which）来替代。 注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首，而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。 注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况，以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。 考点精析 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致. Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗? (who/that在从句中作主语) Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语) whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如: They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down. 那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的. Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如: A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语) The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了 (which/that在句中作宾语) 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语. (1). When, there, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于 “介词+which”结构, 因此常常和 “介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候. Beijing is the where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? (2). that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和 “介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如: His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出身那年逝世