四级普通阅读.docVIP

第1章识别语义衔接关系 识别语义衔接关系的考题首先要求对文章中某个单词、短语甚至句子等做出正确的理解，然后按照考题要求选择对考点最合适的解释或其中隐含的语义关系。这类题常以词义推断题的形式出现。 命题方式： The word “……” (Line x, Para. X) most probably refers to ____. Which of the following is closet in meanings to the word “……”？ In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind” probably means______. By saying that……，the author means that it_____. As used in the passage, the word “……” suggests_____. 命题规律1：一词多义常考 解题技巧1： 此类题主要考查考纲里的熟词，不参考上下文的话，四个选项都有可能是正确的。因此解题的关键就在于紧扣上下文，选项必须与文章的主题相符。 【例证1】?The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. [2000.6.P1] ?The word “officials” (Line 4, Para.4) most probably refers to _______.　　?A) the researchers involved in the experiment　　?B) the inspectors of the football tournament　　?C) the referees of the football tournament 　　?D) the observers at the site of the experiment [C] 【解析】official可以指任何的官员或公务员，因此四个选项都是有可能的，这就必须依靠上下文才能确定了。本文的主题是研究足球裁判的判罚的判罚正确率，由此可见，上文中的officials应指裁判，即referees,其他均与本文的主题关系不紧密。 解题技巧2：考查的单词常出现在因果关系复杂句中（它常常包括同位语、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等），因此解答时往往可以通过表因果关系的信号词来帮助推断词义。表因果关系的信号词有：as, for, hence, because, as a result, consequently, thus, so, therefore, for this reason, so that, thereby等。 命题规律2：生词常考 解题技巧1：这类题在生词前后通常都会显示其定义或进一步解释说明，解题时要找到这些地方。其标志有 （1 ）or, that is, in other words, namely 等词、词组；（2 ）破折号、冒号、括号等；（3 ）定语从句。 【例证】Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. 【1996.1.P2] ?The word “burnout” (Line 2, Para.5) here refers to the state of ______.　　?A) being seriously burnt in the skin　　?B) being unable to burn for lack of fuel　　?C) being badly damaged by fire　　?D) being unable to function because of excessive use [D] 【解析】or 通常表示其前后的两个成分互为解释，因此，taste burnout与Or前的fatigue为同义词，由此可见，burnout与