定语从句全.docVIP

英语基础语法——定语从句 ? ? 1. 定义：用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做。如： The man you talked about is our headmaster. 你们刚才所谈论的那个人是我们的校长 This is the bike my father gave me as my birthday present. 这是我父亲送给我作为生日礼物的单车。 The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year. 那棵叶子红色的树是去年栽的 2. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的词就叫做，它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old. 在舞台上唱歌的那个男孩今年才九岁。(行词是名词) Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 任何愿意帮助他人的人都欢迎来参加我们的组织。(行词是代词) His mother is out of danger, which excites their family very much. 他母亲脱离了危险，这件事情使他们家兴奋不已。(行词是句子) 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词就叫做。根据关系词的用法不同，关系词又分和，其中关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but等，关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词不仅起连接作用，在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。如： 如： Lee is one of the students who are working very hard. 李是一个学习非常努力的学生。(引导词who) There is nobody but knows you here. 这儿没有不认识你的人。(引导词but) He led us to a place where we have never been before. 他把我们带到了我们以前从未去过的地方。 (引导词where) This is the book that my father bought me yesterday. 这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。 说明：句中修饰the book的that my father bought me yesterday就是定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的the book这是先行词；代表the book的关系代词that在定语从句中作bought的直接宾语。 The time when he arrives is not known. 他到达的时间还不知道。 说明：句中when he arrives是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的the time是先行词，关系副词when作时间状语。关系代词的一般用法 先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。 This is the man who helped me yesterday. 这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。(作主语) The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. 你要见的老师来了。(作see的宾语，可以省略) I met a boy whose father was a astronaut. 我认识一位男孩，他的父亲是宇航员。(作定语) Here is the coat which/that will be made to you. 这是一件做给你的衣服。（作主语） This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。(作visited的宾语，可以省略) He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful. 他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。 关系副词的一般用法 关系副词有when, where, why，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词；where的先行词通常是place, city, town, village, house, case, sit