Book5_Module1_British_English_and_American_English_全程选编.ppt

1.谈论永久的状况，或谈论经常发生或随时都在发生的事（而不只是眼前的是），通常用一般现在时。 I go to London about three times a week. Water freezes at 0°Celsius. My parents live near Dover. 2.通常用现在进行时谈论眼前正在进行的暂时的动作和事情，而不用于持续长时间的或永久的情况。 “What are you doing?” “I’m reading.” Why is that girl standing on the table? 3. 谈论一系列动作或事情，一边说，一边做，通常用一般现在时。 Watch carefully. First I take a bowl and break two eggs into it. Next … 4. 如果重复的动作和事情发生在说话时刻前后的话，就可以用现在进行时来表示。 Why is he hitting the dog? 但是我们通常不用现在进行时来谈论那些与说话的时刻没有密切联系的重复动作和事情。 I go to the mountains about twice a year. 5. 要说明目前的一个动作或情况已经进行了多长时间，要用完成时。 I’ve known her since 1960. I’ve been learning English for three years. refer to I had forgotten the date of the battle so I referred to a history book.（查阅,参考） When I said some people are stupid, I wasn’t referring to you.（针对,指的是…） Don’t refer to the matter again.（提到,谈到） refer to…as… 把…称为… People refer to Yuan Longping as “the father of hybrid rice”. China is referred to as “the factory of the world”. attempt n. v. 尝试、企图、试图 to do at (doing) sth attempt to do The boys attempted to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents. They failed in all their attempts to climb the mountain. make an attempt criticize/criticise v. criticism n. 批评 criticize sb/sth for (doing) sth Doctors have criticized the government for failing to invest enough in the health service. He was criticized for not finishing the work in time. blame v. 责备、指责 blame sb for sth = blame sth on sb sb is to blame for sth She blamed him for the failure of their marriage. Which driver was to blame for the accident? 简化字汉字由来已久， 汉字从甲骨文、金文变为篆书，再变为隶书、楷书。 　　楷书在魏晋时开始出现，而简体字已见于南北朝的碑刻，到隋唐时代简化字逐渐增多，在民间相当普遍，被称为“俗体字”。 　　宋代以后，随着印刷术的发明，简体字由碑刻和手写转到雕版印刷的书籍上，从而扩大了简体字的流行范围，数量大大增多。根据《宋元以来俗字谱》，宋元明清12种民间刻本中所用的简体字多达6240个，合为繁体字共1604个，平均每个繁体字有3—9个不同的简化字。 目前，簡體字主要在中國大陸、馬來西亞、新加坡，以及東南亞的一些華人社區中使用。過去簡體字與繁體字並存於聯合國各式文件中，然而中華人民共和國於1971年恢復聯合國合法席位後，目前聯合國中無成員國家使用繁體中文字體。聯合國的漢字體系標準與大陸的簡體漢字保持一致。對外發布的漢字正式文本以簡體漢字為準。 2008年後，聯合