学术英语写作翻译53-68.docVIP

P53-68 （陈巧娟） 1 在过去的几十年当中对阅读理解的研究主要聚焦于两个方面：一是阅读者的先验知识；二是作为一个学习行为被激活的活跃主体的读者的概念。在自上而下的阅读模式中，读者被设想是和文本互动，因为读者用他们自己的知识来解释文本推测意思，所以即使文本是一样的但是每一个人的阅读行为是不同的。这些模式强调读者的背景知识，而且似乎适合描述成人学习者的阅读情况A formal schema is usually understood as representing the knowledge that the reader has about the formal characteristics of texts , especially their structuring or sequence , and their functions. 一个正式的架构通常被理解为代表的知识，读者对文本的形式特征，特别是其结构或序列，和它们的功能。 Viewed in this way ,the formal component would be of a purely linguistic nature , so that it could be included within the component , although at a suprasentential level . 从这个角度来看，正式的组件将是一个纯粹的语言的性质，所以它可以被包含在组件，虽然在超句层面。 Even so , a problem of typology arises , since researchers and scholars frequently perceive certain team being different ,while apparently having the same suprasentential structuring sequencing , and similar textual functions . 即便如此，出现问题的类型，因为研究人员和学者经常看到某些团队不同，而显然具有相同的超句结构的序列，和类似的语篇功能。 Along with this , the last decade has also seen a renewed interest in concept of genre on the part of several disciplines connected to language learning , such as Education , Applied Linguistics , Pragmatics and TEFL . The of English for Specific Purposes has had a leading role in stressing notion of genre analysis as a central task , triggering-specific teaching .Thus , a crucial task ,approaching texts belonging to different academic genres and professions , is the identification of their communicative purpose within the different communities of use and of the latter’s language conventions . As Swales states in definition of “genre”(1990:58): 同时，过去的十年中也看到了新的兴趣在体裁概念在若干学科与语言学习的部分，如教育，应用语言学，语用学与英语教学。在特殊用途英语已经在强调体裁分析的概念为中心的主导作用，触发特定的教学。因此，一个重要的任务，接近文本属于不同的学术流派和职业，是识别其交际目的使用不同的社区内，后者的语言。作为洼地状态定义中的“类型”（1990:58）： A genre comprises a class of communicative events , the members of share some set of communicative purposes . These purposes are recognized by expert members of the parent discourse community , and thereby constitute rationale for the genre . Thi