simultaneous listening and speaking本科毕业设计.docVIP

Simultaneous?Listening?and?Speaking 1.?INTRODUCTION Concurrent?listening?to?source?language?(SL)?and?speaking?of?target?language?(TL)?by?interpreters?engaging?in?simultaneous?interpretation?(SI)?constitute?one?of?the?most?complex?cognitive?processes?a?human?being?can?exhibit.?As?was?pointed?out?by?Moser?(1997),?this?is?an?important?challenge?for?researchers?in?this?field,?since?an?in-depth?study?of?this?unique?phenomenon?will?reveal?some?of?the?secrets?of?SI. The?particular?importance?of?this?is?that?these?phenomena?are?observable?to?outside?researchers?and?can?be?easily?quantified?for?study?purposes.?Of?course,?the?fact?that?listening?and?speaking?processes?are?observable?does?not?necessarily?mean?that?these?two?processes?are?the?only?ones?taking?place?simultaneously?in?SI.?No?one?knows?exactly?what?is?going?on?in?the?interpreter#39;s?cognitive?process?during?SI,?and?it?would?be?erroneous?to?assume?that?no?information?processing?is?occurring?even?during?the?very?short?moments?when?both?interpreter?and?speaker?remain?silent.?Rather,?it?would?be?reasonable?to?imagine?that?some?processes?that?cannot?be?externally?observed?are?underway.?These?unobservable?cognitive?processes?might?include?conversion?from?SL?to?TL,?storing,?note-taking?(Gile?1997),?receiving?signals?through?visual?channels?(Bühler?1985)?and?reading?a?terminology?list?or?the?interpreter#39;s?own?notes,?among?other?things. One?could?argue?that?multi-processing?is?not?a?rare?phenomenon?and?that?it?also?happens?in?daily?life.?During?everyday?small?talk,?of?course,?people?anticipate?what?others?will?say?next?and?form?their?own?answer?in?advance.?People?can?also?read?newspapers?while?talking?on?the?phone.?But?speaking?and?listening?at?the?same?time?is?very?rare?in?daily?life?(Gerver?1976).?Nor?can?the?depth?of?the?concurrent?cognitive?processing?involved?in?SI?be?compared?to?that?in?daily?life,?since?time?constraints?and?the?magnitude?of?the?task?are?totally?different.?Besides,?concurrent?jobs?found?in?everyd