文登考研语法攻略讲义材料.docVIP

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文登考研语法攻略讲义材料

考研英语语法攻略之一 句子成分 英语句子的9大基本成分: 主干成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、(连)系动词 枝杈成分:定语、状语、同位语 1. 什么是主语?什么可以用作主语? 1)主语是某个动作的发出者,或者是句子要描述的对象。 2)可以用作主语的有如下内容 (1) 名词或名词短语(高频) (7) 数词(中频) (2) 代词(高频) (8) 介词短语(低频)(罕见) (3) 术语和直接引语(中频) (9) 动名词(中频) (4) the + 形容词或分词(中频) (10) that引起的从句(中频) (5) 不定式(中频) (11) 疑问词+不定式(中频) (6) There引导的句子(中频) (12) 疑问词引起的从句(中频) (1) 名词或名词短语(高频) Apple is my favorite fruit. Space travel is not easy. (2) 代词(高频) I,she, he, they, it, something, somebody, noting , nobody, someone , no one She is a my good friend. (3) 术语和引用语(中频) AIDS refers to Acquired Immune deficiency Syndromes. “Honesty is the best policy.” is a well-known saying in the West. (4) the + 形容词或分词(中频)(次难点) 【the + 形容词或分词】,表示一类人或者一类事,相当于一个名词短语。 The rich lives luxurious life. (5) 不定式(不定式短语)(中频) To help you is my honor. 可改写为用作形式主语的句子: It is my honor to help you. (6) There引导的句子(中频) There is a rainbow in the sky. (there仅仅是形式主语,逻辑主语是rainbow) (7) 数词(中频) Eight is a lucky number in Chinese culture. (8) 介词短语(低频) From here to there is a short distance. (9) 动名词(动名词短语)(中频) Crying over spilt milk is no use. (10) that引起的从句(中频) That he was killed is a serious matter. (11) 疑问词+不定式(中频) How to succeed in exam is a complex question. (12) 疑问词引起的从句(中频) What he wants to tell me today is a mystery. 2. 什么是谓语?什么可以用作谓语? 1) 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明, 通俗地说,谓语说明“用作什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。 2) 什么可以用作谓语? 单个动词(例如take, make, get, have 等等) I have a car. 动词短语 (look for, take care of, comply with, abide by, long for 等等) I take care of my son. 助动词+行为动词(do/does+动词) I do tell you answer. 情态动词+行为动词(can/may/could/might/will/shall + 动词) I can answer your question. 连系动词+表语 I am a man. 3. 什么是宾语?什么可以用作宾语? 1)宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。 2)什么可以用作宾语? (1)名词 (5)动名词 (2)代词 (6)不定式 (3)数词 (7)从句 (4)The + 形容词(表示一类人或者物) (1)名词 I drink water. (2)代词 I love you. (3)数词 Chinese people like eight. (4)The + 形容词 I want to help the poor. (5)动名词 She likes watching TV

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