小贴士：如何计算安全库存.docVIP

小贴士：如何计算安全库存 Safety Stock Calculations When I first learned inventory planning the math was rather simple.? On top of the cycle stock (expected demand during lead time) I would add a percentage or a number of days (or more likely weeks).? If the lead time was 2 weeks I? might carry 3 or 4 weeks.? I soon learned that demand for some inventory items is more volatile than for others, and some suppliers less reliable than others.? I’d rather have too much then not enough, and I’d never gotten in trouble for having a little too much. So since all items and situations are different I started using some statistics;?(average demand * lead time) (one sided Z factor?* demand standard deviation)for the target inventory level; a little better approach. Here’s another formula from?Inventory Management Review; Safety Stock:{Z * SQRT (Avg. Lead Time * Standard Deviation of Demand ^2 Avg. Demand ^2 * Standard Deviation of Lead Time ^2}. Over at?QuickMBA?; To calculate the safety stock, first calculate the standard loss function, designated as L(z). This function is dependent on the values of the desired fill rate ?f,? the demand ?μ? and its standard deviation ?σ ,? the time between orders ?p,? and the replenishment lead time?l?: L(z) ?=? ( 1 –?f?)?μ p?/?σ?(?p? ?l?)1/2.? Once L(z) is known, z can be found in a look-up table and the safety stock can be calculated by: Safety?Stock ?=??z σ?(?p? ?l?)1/2 Here’s a new one recently published by?Kent Linford?in the?APICS Magazine?Nov/Dec 2006.??SS = √ [( σFE)2?x (LTI/FI)beta? ( σLT)2?x D2] x Z x (FI/OCI)beta Where:SS = safety stockFE = forecast errorLT = lead time intervalFI = forecast interval (pick a beta between 0.5 and 0.7)D = average demand during lead timeZ = normal distribution service factor based on desired service levelOCI = order cycle interval Dave Piasecki at?InventoryO?uses;safety stock =?(standard deviation)*(service factor)*(lead-time factor)*(order cycle factor)*(forecast-to-mean-demand factor) Jon Schreibfeder?ha