上海交通大学病毒学第二次课解决方案.pptVIP

Here an example of the use of animal-cell culture in toxicology is shown. Toxaphene is a pesticide used in the US until the eighties in cotton farming and in fish industry to remove all fish out of lakes with the intention to culture one specific type of fish. It is a mixture of 180 types of polychlorinated cyclic hydrocarbons and very persistent. Here a culture of hepatocytes on microcarriers is exposed to different toxaphene concentrations of 0 and 10 microgram per liter. In the 10 microgram/l culture no growth occurred and no oxygen was consumed, while glucose was rapidly converted to lactate. Probably toxaphene inhibits processes in the mitochondria thus inhibiting respiration. The only way to generate ATP is through glycolysis. Apparently this is only just enough to maintain cells and not for growth. WAVE Bioreactor system – used for vaccine and other biotherapeutics production – enables cell culturing without requiring cleaning or steam sterilization because it uses disposable bags rather than large stainless steel tanks. This reduces water and energy consumption – and staff time requirements – compared to the stainless steel bioreactor it replaces. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The duration of the virus replication cycle also varies, from 20–60 min (in many bacterial viruses) to 8–40 h (in most animal viruses). * Possible effects that animal viruses may have on cells they infect. Most animal viruses are lytic, and only very few are known to cause cancer. 蛋白质提纯方法 （盐析、等电点沉淀、有机溶剂沉淀、凝胶层析、离子交换等） 四、病毒的培养和纯化 2、 病毒纯化 标准 纯化的病毒制备物应保持其感染性 病毒是有感染性的生物体 病毒具有化学大分子的属性 纯化的病毒制备物的理化性质应具有均一性 方法 主要化学组成为蛋白质 具有一定的大小、形状和密度 差速离心 梯度离心 （超速离心） 超速离心机 Density Gradient Centrifugation Virus-infected cells detected using a virus-specific antibody labelled with a fluorescent dye An endosome (labelled red) containing virus protein (labelled green) in an infected cell A syncytium (giant cell) infected with a genetically modified