小升初与衔接班.docx

语音音素、音标的概念（1）音素是记录英语语音的最小单位，英语共48个音素，20个元音，28个辅音。（2）音标是记录音素的符号，现在我们用国际上通用的48个音标来记录英语语音。为了把音标与字母进行区分，常把音标放在[ ]或者/ /里。音标的分类记录英语音素的48个音标可分为元音和辅音两大类。元音：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流在通过口腔时，不受阻碍发出的语音叫做元音。国际音标中有20个元音，里面包括12个单元音和8个双元音。 1、单元音：[i:] [i] [e] [?] [a:] [?] [?:] [?] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 2、双元音：[ai] [ei] [i?] [?u] [u?] [au] [ε?] [?i] 辅音：辅音音标：分为清辅音和浊辅音，清辅音发音时声带不振动，浊辅音发音时声带振动。 1、清辅音：[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [ts] [h] 2、浊辅音：[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [m] [n] [?] [l] [r] [w] [j] 元音： 前元音：[i:] [i] [e] [?]后元音：[ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 中元音：[?] [?:] [?]双元音：[ai] [ei] [i?] [?u] [u?] [au] [ε?] [?i]辅音：爆破音：[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]鼻音： [m] [n] [?] 摩擦音：[f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [e] [∫] [з] [r] [h]破擦音：[t∫] [dз] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] 半元音：[w] [j] 舌边音：[l]前元音：[i:] eat [ i:t ] 吃tea [ ti: ]茶 peach [ pi:t? ]桃he [ hi:]他she [ ?i: ]她beef [ bi:f ] 牛肉jeep [ d?i:p ]吉普车key [ ki: ] 钥匙meat [ mi:t ] 肉 [i]fish [ fi? ] 鱼kid [ kid ]?小孩 fifth [ fifθ ]第五sister [ sist? ] 姐妹this [ eis ] 这个 is [ iz]是six [ siks ] 六pig [ pig ]猪 [e]desk [ desk ] 桌子pencil [ pens?l ]铅笔pen [ pen ]?钢笔dress [ dres ] 连衣裙 red [ red ] 红色的 eleven [ ilev?n ] 十一bed [ bed ] 床bread [ bred] 面包egg [ eɡ]蛋 [?]bag [ [b?g] ]包 fan [ f?n ] 风扇math [ m?θ ]数学 jacket [ d??kit ] 夹克衫 rabbit [ r?bit ] 兔子 apple [ ?pl ]苹果 can [ k?n] 可以 cabbage [k?bid?] 卷心菜 中元音：[?]young [ j?? ]年轻人 funny [ f?ni ]滑稽可笑的 Monday[m?ndi ]星期一 Sunday[s?ndi ] lunch [ l?nt? ]午餐under [ ?nd? ]在…下面sometimes [ s?mtaimz ]有时 [?:]curtain [ k?:t?n ]窗帘her [ h?:]她的skirt [ sk?:t ]裙子shirt [ ??:t ]衬衫 nurse [ n?:s ]护士 thirty [ θ?:ti ]三十[?]today [ t?dei ]今天mirror [ mir? ]镜子river [ riv? ]河，江 summer [ s?m? ]夏季winter [ wint? ] 冬季colour [ k?l? ]颜色 后元音：[ɑ:] grass [grɑ:s]草smart[smɑ:t]聪明park [ pɑ:k ] 公园grandpa [ ɡr?ndpɑ: ]爷爷classroom [ klɑ:srum ]教室 farm [ fɑ:m ] 农田farmer [ fɑ:m? ]农夫bathroom [ bɑ:θrum ] 卫生间are [ ɑ:]是 [?:] floor [ fl?: ]地板 tall [ t?:l ]高的short [ ??:t ]?不足for [f?:]为了salty [ s?:lti ]咸的fall [ f?:l ]秋天 walk [ w?:k ]走board [ b?:d ]木板wall [