音乐基本用语供参考学习.docVIP

基本知识及音程/Basics and Intervals 1. 键盘/keyboard 　　键盘是一组杠杆或音键，由演奏者用手指在钢琴，羽管键琴，翼琴或类似的键盘乐器上按压，或者用手指按压风琴的键盘，或用脚踩管风琴的踏板或脚键盘。这个词汇广泛应用于键盘乐，以及各种键盘乐器。A keyboard is a set of levers or keys, to be depressed by the fingers of a player on the piano, harpsichord, clavichord or similar keyboard instrument, or on the manual by the fingers, or on the pedals or pedal-board of the organ with the feet. The word is used generally, as in keyboard music, music for any keyboard instrument. 2. 白键组/White key pattern 　　在现代键盘乐器中，音键通常有白和黑两种颜色。早期键盘乐器的音键颜色的功用或许正相反。现代的白键构成一组全音和半音或相邻音间的半音。白键上的主要音阶可用于字谱上，C调， E 和 F之间的半音，B 和C之间的半音的初始演奏。On modern keyboard instruments keys for the fingers are generally coloured white and black. On earlier keyboard instruments the colouring may be reversed. The modern white keys form a pattern of whole steps or whole tones and half steps or semitones between adjacent notes. A major scale on the white notes may be played starting, in letter notation, on C, with half steps (semitones) between E and F, and B and C. [Illustration of keyboard, letters on notes] 3. 黑键组/Black key pattern 　　现代键盘乐器的黑键音在相邻的白音符间，构成全音，可演奏半音。在字谱上，黑音符见于C 和 D, D 和E, F 和 G, G 和A, A 和 B之间。黑键可演奏五声音阶。On modern keyboard instruments black keys come between those adjacent white notes that form a whole step or whole tone, providing a half step or semitone. In letter notation the black notes are found between C and D, D and E, F and G, G and A, and A and B. The black keys provide the notes of the pentatonic scale. [illustration of keyboard] 4. 相邻钢琴键/Adjacent piano keys 　　相邻钢琴键为半音。依上行顺序或下行顺序演奏，构成半音阶。Adjacent piano keys are a half step or semitone apart. Played in ascending or descending order they form a chromatic scale. 5. 半音/Half step 　　半音是西方音乐通用键盘中最小的音程。在键盘上，半音是相邻的两个音之间的距离，白键或黑键，升调或降调。A half step or semitone is the smallest interval on the normal keyboard in Western music. On the keyboard it is the interval between adjacent notes, white or black, ascending or descending. 6