翻译理论 第三讲.doc

第三讲 翻译策略及方法概述 3.1 翻译的增补与省略 3.1.1 翻译的增补 在翻译过程中词义的增补主要有以下几种方法： 1. 对意义的增补 Example 1. Preparations for the top government officials’ visit are almost complete. 迎接政府高级官员来访的准备工作差不多已全部完成。 2. It was necessary to give political expressions in some form or another to the African personality. 有必要给非洲性格以这样或那样的政治表达形式。 2. 对语法结构的增补 Examples 1. We won’t retreat, we never have and never will. 我们不会后退，我们从来没后退过，我们将来也决不后退。 2. He majors in English and I, in French. 他主修英语，我主修法语。 3. a full moon 一轮满月 3. 解释性增词 Example It is true that the enemy won the battle, but theirs is but a Pyrric Victory. 敌人确实赢得了战斗，但他们的胜利只是皮洛士的胜利，得不偿失。 Exercises 1. He had the patience and determination that kept him at things longer than most others. 他有耐心和毅力，使他做事时坚持的时间比其他大多数孩童都长。（根据上下文，增加原文中省略的词语） 2. Basically, the theory proposed, among other things, that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light; ... 就其基本内容而言，这一学说提出的论点包括：光速是宇宙中最快的速度；…（增加修饰语，以示强调） 3. ... and Zewail would hear from the world. Two thousand e-mails would zoom his way within a few days ... 扎威尔将收到世界各地的来信。短短几天时间里2000封电子邮件接踵而至。（增加量词以及原文上下文中所省略的部分） 4. But first, the 53-year-old man would share the news with his family. 但是，这位53岁的科学家将首先与家人共享这个消息带来的快乐。（增加原文上下文中所省略的部分） 3.1.2 翻译的省词(Omission) 翻译的省词取决于以下两种情况： 1. 语义或修辞需要 Examples 1. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。 2. When Rontgen put his hand before the X-ray, he saw the bones of his hands only. 伦琴把手放在Ｘ射线前面时，只见到手上的骨头。 2. 语法或习惯表达法需要 Examples If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ People is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 Exercises 1. There was no snow, but the leaves were gone from the trees, and the grass was dead. 天未下雪，但叶落草枯。 2. Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving me, everybody of all ages knocked me about and starved me. 那时打我并且使我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆，而是老老少少各式各样的人。 3. We can measure the amount of water in a pot, but we can’t measure its heat. We don’t have an instrument for t