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Initial. of Bound Variables Initialization through OTcl class variables Agent/TCP set window_ 50 Do all initialization of bound variables in ~ns/lib/ns-default.tcl Otherwise a warning will be issued when the shadow object is created Methods binding Implement OTcl methods in C++ Trap point: OTcl method cmd{} Send all arguments after cmd{} call to TclObject::command() Illustration by TclObject OTcl set tcp [new Agent/TCP] $tcp advance 10 C++ int TcpAgent::command(int argc, const char*const* argv) { if (argc == 3) { if (strcmp(argv[1], “advance”) == 0) { int newseq = atoi(argv[2]); …… return(TCL_OK); } } return (Agent::command(argc, argv); } Flow of command $tcp send TclObject::unknown{} $tcp cmd send no such procedure TcpAgent::command() match “send”? Invoke parent: return Agent::command() process and return Yes No OTcl space C++ space Class TclCommand C++ implementation of global OTcl commands class RandomCommand : public TclCommand { public: RandomCommand() : TclCommand(ns-random) {} virtual int command(int argc, const char*const* argv); }; int RandomCommand::command(int argc, const char*const* argv) { Tcl tcl = Tcl::instance(); if (argc == 1) { sprintf(tcl.buffer(), %u, Random::random()); tcl.result(tcl.buffer()); } } Class Tcl Singleton class with a handle to Tcl interpreter Usage Invoke OTcl procedure Obtain OTcl evaluation results Pass a result string to OTcl Return success/failure code to OTcl A network with 4 nodes Create the event scheduler [Turn on tracing] Create network Setup routing Insert errors Create transport connection Create traffic Transmit application-level data n0 n1 n3 n2 5 M, 2 ms, DropTail 5 M, 2 ms, DropTail 1.5 M, 10 ms, DropTail cbr udp ftp tcp null udp tcpsink At t = 1.0 sec, cbr starts; At t = 1.2 sec, ftp starts; At t = 1.35 sec, stop simulation 1st step # The preamble（头） set ns [new Simulato