Unit3StructuralLoad解说.ppt

（5） What is the result when more than one load type acts on the structure? （5）当多种荷载作用到结构时，会发生什么结果？ A load combination results when more than one load type acts on the structure. 当一种以上的荷载作用于结构时就产生了荷载组合。 Design codes usually specify a variety of load combinations together with Load factors for each load type in order to ensure the safety of the structure under different maximum expected loading scenarios. 为了确保在各种最大预期荷载状况下结构的安全，设计规范通常规定了各种荷载组合及每种荷载类型对应的荷载系数。 n.[意]情节； 剧本；假设情景； For example, in designing a staircase, a dead load factor may be 1.2 times the weight of the structure, and a live load factor may be 1.6 times the maximum expected live load. These two “factored loads” are combined (added) to determine the required strength of the staircase. 比如说，在设计楼梯时，恒载分项系数可取1.2倍结构自重，活荷载分项系数可取1.6倍最大预期使用活荷载。这两项放大后的荷载组合在一起，以决定楼梯的设计强度。 The reason for the disparity between factors for dead load and live load, and thus the reason the loads are initially categorized as dead or live is because while it is not unreasonable to expect a large number of people ascending the staircase at once, it is less likely that the structure will experience much change in its permanent load. 恒活荷载分项系数的不同取值，以及荷载起初被划分为恒活荷载的原因在于，预期一大群人同时爬楼梯不是不合理的，而结构物的永久荷载就不大可能有如此巨大的变化。 Translate some important sentences 翻译句子 (1) Loads cause stresses, deformations, and displacements in structures. (2) The dead load on a structural element is the weight of the member itself, plus the weights of all materials permanently incorporated into the structure and supported by the member in question. (3) Live load, or more accurately the gravity live load, is the name that is commonly used for the loads on the structure that are not part of the permanent installations. (4) A load combination results when more than one load type acts on the structure. (5) Design codes usually specify a variety of load combinations together with Load factors for each load type in order to ensure the safety of the structure under different ma