Chapter preview: Modal auxiliaries情态动词 表达意义:obligation, possibility, predictability, necessity.(义务,可能性,预测性,必要性) 主要分为两类: 1.推测性情态动词。(可能性的程度) 2.非推测性情态动词。(义务,许可,能力) 常见的情态动词:can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, have to, ought to. 7.0 Introduction 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语. 情态动词一般是多义词,如: He can do it. 1.He is able to do it. 2.He is allowed to do it. 3.It is possible for him to do it. Who’ playing the piano upstairs? — might — — may — — could — — can — It — should — —— be Bob. — ought to — — would — — will — — must — 7.1 Can and may 7.1.1 Can/ could Can的用法: 1.推测性:possibility(可能) Eg: What he said can’t be true. 2.非推测性:ability/ permission(能力或许可) Eg: Mary can speak two foreign languages. Can I have a few words with you? 3.表示邀请、请求或者命令。 Eg: Can I help you? Can’t you be quiet?你不能安静会么? 这时可以使用could, might代替,语气更加委婉。 Eg: Could you help me ? 4.表示惊讶、怀疑,用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。 Eg: How can you be so rude?你怎么这么粗鲁? Can this be true? 这是真的? Could的用法 could是can的过去式,既可用于过去时间,也可以用于现在时间表示假设。 1.用于过去时态,表示可能、能力、许可。 Eg: They knew it could be very dangerous. 他们当时知道可能很危险。 She could speak two languages when she was ten. 她十岁就会说两种语言了。 The boss said that he couldn’t leave early. 老板说他不能提前离开。 2.用于现在时态,表示可能、能力、许可。 a.表示可能性,强度不如can, Eg: I know it can/could be dangerous. b.表示能力,通常用于虚拟语气。 Eg: If I could, I would. 如果我能,我会的。 c.表示许可,语气比较委婉。 Eg: I wonder if I could park my car here. 我想知道我的车能否停在这。 3.could可以委婉地表示礼貌或假设性的邀请、请求或者命令。此时说话者并不指望听话者实现自己的请求,所以避免直接表达意愿。(P165最后一段) eg:Could you do me a favour? 您能帮我么?(委婉请求) Could I see your driving license, please? (委婉命令) I wonder if I could borrow some tea.(委婉请求) 4.could在表示过去的能力时,只表示有潜力,但不一定能成功;而表示事情一定能成功,使用be able to, manage to do, succeed in doing. eg: He studied hard and could pass the test. 他学习那么用功,可能通过考试。 He was able to pass the test because he studied hard. 他能通过考试,因为
原创力文档

文档评论(0)