OK利用脂肪酶催化菜籽油与甲醇进行酯交换反应制取生物柴油.doc

摘 要 非水相中的酶促酯交换反应广泛应用于油脂的改性。该反应通过酯交换替换甘三酯中的酰基基团来改善油脂性质。生物柴油作为一般石化燃料的良好替代品，其发展前景被世界发达国家普遍看好。本论文从降低生产成本和提高生物柴油品质的角度出发，采用无溶剂系统作为反应体系，利用脂肪酶催化菜籽油与甲醇进行酯交换反应制取生物柴油，简单探讨了生物柴油中甘油含量的测定方法和脂肪酶促酯交换制取生物柴油的反应条件。 采用萃取的方法从生物柴油中提取甘油，用高碘酸钠氧化法对甘油含量进行测定，证明了该方法对甘油含量测定的准确性。进而又尝试了采用分批加入甲醇的方法来制取生物柴油，发现此法比一次性加入全部甲醇有更高的反应转化率，但是在反应历程的实验中，分批加入甲醇的方法还有待完善。 关键词：无溶剂系统；菜籽油；脂肪酶；酯交换反应；生物柴油 ABSTRACT Enzymatic interesterification in non-aqueous phase has been widely used for improving the quality of oil and fats. This reaction provides a useful alternative for replacing the acyl group of glycerides to modify oil and fats. Biodiesel is a good substitute for Petrochemical fuel, and developed country realize that it has good Development foreground. To reduce the product cost and improve the quality of Biodiesel, lipase-catalyzed interesterification of Vegetable oil with Methyl alcohol for Biodiesel production in a solvent free system was explored in this dissertation. The analytical method of Glycerin in Biodiesel and the optimization of reaction conditions were investigated systematically. Glycerin could be extracted from Biodiesel by extraction. And it could be analysised by Sodium Periodata oxidimetry. The accuracy of it has been proved. Trying to join Methyl alcohol by several times in Biodiesel production, we found it was more effective than joining Methyl alcohol by one time. But it need to be improved in the experiment of reaction process. Keywords: Solvent free system; Vegetable oil; Lipase; Interesterification; Biodiesel 目 录 摘 要………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 第一章 绪 论……………………………………………………………………1 1.1 生物柴油研究进展……………………………………………………………1 1.1.1 生物柴油的化学组成及物理特性…………………………………………1 1.1.2 生物柴油生产研究状况……………………………………………………1 1.1.3 生物柴油的制备方法………………………………………………………2 1.1.4 生物柴油生产原料…………………………………………………………4 1.2 生物催化与有机合成…………………………………………………………4 1.3 非水相酶学……………………………………………………………………5 1.3.1 非水相酶学的兴起…………………………………………………………5 1.3.2 非水相酶催化的优点………………………………………………………5 1.3.3 无溶剂系统……………………………………………