敦煌莫高窟培训教案.pptVIP

Caves The caves were cut into the side of cliff which is close to two kilometers long. At its height during the Tang Dynasty, there were more than a thousands caves, but over time, many of the caves were lost. The first caves were dug out 366 AD as places of Buddhist meditation and worship. 735 caves currently exist in Mogao, the best-known ones are the 487 caves located in the southern section of the cliff which are places of pilgrimage and worship. Caves 248 caves have also been found to the north which were living quarter, meditation chambers and burial sites for the monks. The caves at the southern section are decorated, while those at the northern section are mostly plain. Murals The murals on the caves spanned a long period of history, from the 5th to the 14th century. The murals are largely of Buddhist theme, some however are of traditional mythical themes and portraits of patrons. Early murals showed a strong Indian and Central Asian influence in the painting techniques used. Sculptures There are around 2400 surviving clay sculptures at Mogao. These were first constructed on a wooden frame, padded with reed, then modelled in clay stucco, and finished with paint. The early sculptures were based on Indian and Central Asian prototypes with some in Greco-Indian（印度希腊王国） style of Ancient Indian. Over time the sculptures showed more Chinese elements and became gradually sinicizied . Apsaras Apsaras, meaning dancing nature. In the traditional Chinese culture, the day refers to the skies, but also called god‘s will. In Buddhism, shiva living world composed by multi-area, there are many celestial exist, such as thirty days, pocket rate day, etc., the celestial beings, Chinese translation is nature and man, individual called almighty. Taoism is often called beauty. In Chinese, the king of heaven also often called day, such as “the great brahma“(大梵天) and ”merit day”（功德天） and so on. Apsaras draws in the buddhist grottoes’s murals. It is the song and dance entertainment