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6-7-2006 Yang (SUTC 2006) OCO - a method for target tracking in wireless sensor networks T. Andrew Yang (yang@uhcl.edu) with Sam Tran Computer Science Program University of Houston – Clear Lake Houston, Texas Outline Introduction The Methods Simulation-based Evaluation Evaluation Results Conclusion and Future Work Acknowledgement This work is supported in part by National Science Foundation (Grant DUE-0311592) Institute of Space Systems Operations (ISSO) UHCL Faculty Research and Support Fund (No. 859) Introduction wireless sensor networks (WSN) a network of wireless sensor nodes. Each node is a computer with attached sensors (aka mote) that can process, exchange sensing data, as well as communicate wirelessly among themselves to perform various tasks. WSN have many applications in both military and civilian systems. Sample applications: data collection, surveillance, object tracking, etc. WSN applications WSN applications The Challenges Small size of sensor node ? Limited battery capacity and lower hardware performance Overlapping sensing areas (redundancy) ? The network may be formed by randomly throwing thousands or even millions of sensor nodes in an area. Frequent change of network topology ? The network is usually installed in a large area with many physical effects, such as earthquake, explosion, etc. Limited bandwidth of wireless links + interferences in the environment ? Problems such as dropped packets and disconnected links Requirements The Methods Direct Communication The sensor modules of all nodes are ON. Nodes send data directly to the base. Advantages Gives the best accuracy. Disadvantages Unrealistic because the base has limited number of channels, and node energy is limited. Cannot be applied to a large area. Suffer redundancy The Methods Cluster-based method (e.g., LEACH) Build a hierarchy tree by using LEACH algorithm: Nodes randomly self-elect to become cluster heads. The cluster head invites its neighbors to join to the group.
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