第一章 绪 论 (Introduction) - 哈尔滨医科大学精品课程建设工程.ppt

Neurology Department of Neurology, The 2nd affiliated hospital, Harbin Medical University 神经病学 ( Neurology) The Objects of Neurology: CNS、PNS and muscular disorders The contents of study: Etiology and Pathogenesis Pathology Clinical features Diagnosis and Differential diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Prognosis Nervous system Central nervous system: brain spinal cord Peripheral nervous system: cranial nerves spinal nerves Nervous system Neurology is a part of neuroscience, including: Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, Neurobiochemistry, Neuropathology, Neurogenetics, Neuroimmunology, Neuroepidemiology, Neuroiconography, Neurophamacology, Neuropsychology, Experimental Neurology, Neurobiology, Molecular Biology Catalogue of the neurological diseases Vascular diseases Infectious diseases Tumors Traumatic diseases Catalogue of the neurological diseases Autoimmune diseases(some of them are demyelinating diseases) Hereditary and metabolic disorders Congenital dysplasia Intoxication Nutritional disturbances Symptoms of Nervous System could divided to four classes: Deficit symptoms deficits or loss on the normal functions (hemiparalysis, aphasia) Irritative symptoms excessive excitements that nervous structures appeared when they were stimulated (seizures, radical pain) Symptoms of Nervous System could divided to four classes: Liberated symptoms When the higher centers were impaired, the function of the lower center that normally controlled by the former was liberated(pyramidal signs). Symptoms of Nervous System could divided to four classes: Shock Symptoms CNS急性局部严重病变，引起与之功能相关的远隔部位神经功能短暂缺失 Brain shock: cerebral hemorrhage Spinal shock: in the acute stage of total cord transverse, there is a flaccid paralysis with loss of tendon and other reflexes, accompanied by sensory loss below the l