气体吸收 气液相平衡.pptVIP

一.The solubility of gas in the liquid At T and P, S + mixture of gases of A+B, intimate contact 。随着两者的不断接触，solute A from gas phase →transfer to liquid phase, until液相中solute达到un-saturation。 It is dynamic balance at the moment which concentrations of A are constant within L V, that is, the amount of molecules of A entering in L phase = the amount of molecules of A escaping from L phase. 从宏观上看，吸收过程终止，即气液两相达到相平衡。显然，此时A在液相中的浓度最大。 此浓度称为饱和浓度，或溶质A的溶解度CA※. ∴ Definition solubility: 1. Solubility curve ～溶解度曲线 Assume: that only one component is transferred between phases . According to the phase rule of F= c – p + 2, p=2 and there are three components, c=3. F = 3 – 2 + 2 = 3 There are four variables: Pressure, Temperature, and the concentrations of component A in liquid and gas. The temperature and pressure may be fixed. One concentration may be chosen as the remaining independent variable. The other concentration is then determined. 8.2.1Solubility at equilibrium ～平衡溶解度 For example Fig .8-4， p=101.3kpa，t=40℃, all points of (ye , xe ) on the curve pertain to (关于）the same temperature and pressure. 2 Factors affecting on solubility ∵ According to the phase rule, F =3 ∴ In the four variables of T, P, pA and cA, there are three independent variables only. where: pA ～ partial pressure of A in gas phase. ⑴ Affection of temperature 分析相图Fig. 8-3， For example: at pA= 20 kPa， T=30℃, xA*= 0.12； T=60℃, xA*= 0.045. T↑→ xA*↓ 温度愈低，愈有利于吸收。 But，在实际吸收操作时，已选择确定了某一合适的吸收温度。 ∴ ⑵Affection of pressure 实验证明:When P is less than 5 atm, the affection may be neglected by pressure on the equilibria for system. Commonly the pressure in the system of absorption operation 5 atm. Then xA* = f (pA) or pA*= f (xA) 如 Fig. 8-3，at T=30℃, pA=20 kPa, xA*= 0.12； pA=40 kPa, xA*= 0.19. 即：pA愈高，愈有利于吸收。 ⑶ 因气液平衡理论研究尚不完善，气液相平衡数据一般都是对特定物系进行实验测定的。 测定的结果或用相图表示，或用表格表示。 在进行具