区间估计.ppt

* 90 * * * * * * * An estimator is a random variable used to estimate a population parameter (characteristic). Unbiasedness An estimator is unbiased if the mean of its sampling distribution is equal to the population parameter. Efficiency The efficiency of an unbiased estimator is measured by the variance of its sampling distribution. If two estimators, with the same sample size, are both unbiased, then the one with the smaller variance has greater relative efficiency. Consistency An estimator is a consistent estimator of a population parameter if the larger the sample size, the more likely it is that the estimate will come close to the parameter. * An estimator is a random variable used to estimate a population parameter (characteristic). Unbiasedness An estimator is unbiased if the mean of its sampling distribution is equal to the population parameter. Efficiency The efficiency of an unbiased estimator is measured by the variance of its sampling distribution. If two estimators, with the same sample size, are both unbiased, then the one with the smaller variance has greater relative efficiency. Consistency An estimator is a consistent estimator of a population parameter if the larger the sample size, the more likely it is that the estimate will come close to the parameter. * * * * * 33 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 90 * 5.在抽样调查中，下列说法正确的是（ ） A.样本指标是随机变量 B.总体指标是随机变量 C.样本指标是唯一确定的量 D.总体指标是唯一确定的量 E.样本指标是样本变量的函数 6.在计算抽样平均误差时，若总体方差未知，一般可取而代之的有（ ） A.样本方差 B.以往调查中该现象方差最大者 C.以往调查中该现象方差最小者 D.比率方差可用0.25代替 E.比率方差可用0.5代替 7.在置信系数一定的情况下（ ） A.允许误差越大，应抽取的样本单位数越多 B.允许误差越小，应抽取的样本单位数越多 C.允许误差越小，应抽取的样本单位数越小 D.允许误差越大，应抽取的样本单位数越少 E.允许误差平方和大小与应抽取的单位数多少成反比 四、简单题 为什么希望未知参数的估计量具有无偏性？ * 用统计量 对未知参数 进行估计时，通常不希望它有系统偏差。实际上，由于 是随机变量，每次抽样后得到的估计 的观测值不一定能与 吻合，即 不一定为零。但是希望大量重复抽样试验而得到多个估计值与 之差能正负抵消。即希望 ,即 ，所有说无偏估计可使其没有系统偏差。 * 五、计算题 1、在一家