变径分选床中等沉颗粒的运动特性与分离机理研究.doc

变径分选床中等沉颗粒的运动特性与分离机理研究 周恩会，赵跃民，段晨龙，盛成，江海深 中国矿业大学化工学院，江苏徐州 221116 摘要：为解决变径分选床中等沉颗粒容易堆积的问题，在床体下壁面添加了顶水装置。分析了新型分选床中介质流场分布规律、颗粒受力情况和运动轨迹；对等沉颗粒的沉降运动进行理论推导，得到其沉降等速用时差和沉降极限距离差公式；选用4组-1+0.5mm粒级的等沉颗粒进行分选试验，结果表明：新型分选床可以将等沉比大于1.4的等沉颗粒在床体中的滞留率降低到0.6%以下，金属回收率提高到96.4%以上。 关键词：变径分选床；废弃电路板；等沉颗粒；滞留率 Study on movement characteristics and separation mechanism of equal settling particles in a varied diameter separation bed ZHOU Enhui，ZHAO Yuemin，DUAN Chenlong，SHENG Cheng JIANG Haishen School of Chemical Engineering Technology, China University of Mining Technology. Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China Abstract: To solve the problem of accumulation of equal settling particles in varied diameter separation bed, a set of underscreen water device was mounted on the wall surface under the bed. This paper analyzed the distribution laws of the medium flow field, force on particles and motion trail of particles in new separation bed. It also carried out theoretical deduction for the settlement motion of equal settling particles, and then obtained the time difference and the distance difference formula. In addition, four groups of equal settling particles which size fraction were -1+0.5mm were separated. The results showed that the retention rate of equal settling particles which equal falling ratio was greater than 1.4 was below 0.6% and metal recovery rate was higher than 96.6%. Key word：varied diameter separation bed；waste printed circuit boards；equal settling particles；retention rate 目前国内对废弃电路板资源化研究已经形成热点，并做了大量卓有成效的研究工作[1]，主要处理方法包括湿法溶蚀、火法冶炼和物理分选[2,3]，国际上推行的方法主要是物理法[4]。变径分选床是一种基于物理分选理论的废弃电路板资源化处理设备，具有投资少、回收率高、环境污染小等特点[5,6]。但实验发现，入选物料中的等沉颗粒容易在床体下壁面堆积，难以有效分离。针对这一情况，文章对原有流化床进行了改进，并对等沉颗粒在新型变径分选床中的运动特性与分离机理进行了研究。 1变径分选床 1.1分选床系统 变径分选床系统主要由分选床、水箱、泵、流量计及其它附件组成，改进后的分选床在床体下壁面增加了多个顶水管，可以通过阀门调节进水量，如图1。床体呈圆台体，顶端直径200mm，底端直径120mm，轴向高800mm，倾斜放置[7]。床体使用透明有机玻璃材质，便于实验观察。床体顶端设有溢流口，底端设有底流口，上方布置入料系统。 工作时，废弃电路板经拆解、破碎后给入拌料桶，加入适量水增加物料的流动性，自床体上部给入。水流由循环泵打入管路，通过流量计和阀门控制水量，自床体底端给入，通过水力分布器在进水端横截面上均匀分布。物料在扰动水流作用下分层，低密度小颗粒随溢