泛读教程UnitHappiness.docVIP

泛读教程Unit 13 Happiness What is happiness? 1.以个人发财主义为幸福主义者，是不知幸福之为 何物也。(陈独秀) 2.We choose always for happiness and never for the sake of something else。 (Aristotle) 3.Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money ; It lies in the joy of achievement , in the thrill of creative effort .(Franklin Roosevelt , American president ) 幸福不在于拥有金钱，而在于获得成就时的喜悦 以及产生创造力的激情。(美国总统 罗斯福. F.) 中国幸福观的演变 传统儒家幸福观： 一是主张德福一致；二是主张仁爱幸福(自我独乐不如与民同乐). 新中国到改革开放之前: 政治挂帅主导下的幸福.服从组织安排就是幸福。在当时的普通人看来，政治上进步，比如入党、受党组织表彰等就是最大的幸福 改革以来中国人的幸福观 : 一是注重物质生活的幸福 ；二是注重个人感受的幸福。 80 90戏说的幸福观 我的青春谁做主》中，钱小样说幸福是猫吃鱼，狗吃肉，奥特曼打小怪兽 In the film My youth who call the shots ,Qianxiao-yang saidHappiness is the cat to eat fish,dog to eat meat, Altman to play little monster. 伊曼努尔·康德(Immanuel Kant, 1724年4月22日—1804年2月12日)德国哲学家、天文学家、星云说的创立者之一、德国古典哲学的创始人，唯心主义，不可知论者，德国古典美学的奠定者。他被认为是对现代欧洲最具影响力的思想家之一，也是启蒙运动最后一位主要哲学家。 Some of Kants Views of Happiness 1 “私人幸福原则”与“道德原则直接相反—”the principle of private happiness “ is ”the principle of the direct opposite of morality“ 私人幸福原则是有关满足个人的自然偏好的经验境况，所以是因人而异的。 The principle of private happiness is an experience to meet the natural preference of the individual , so it is varies from person to person. 道德法则被设想为客观必然的，因为它对具有理性与意志的每个人都应当有效 The moral law was conceived to be objective and inevitable, because it is effective to everyone who is rational 2 使某人幸福实相当不同于使他好，或则说使他对自己的益处审慎而精明实相当不同于使他有道德“，即是说，追求幸福乃是追求私人的益处，而非客观上好的东西—《道德形而上学基础》 To make someone happy quite differents from making him a kind person, in other words,to make him being prudent and shrewd on his own benefits quite differents from making him moral, that is to say, the pursuit of happiness is just the pursuit of private benefits, rather than objective on the good things 3康德提出,“道德不是以符合个人或他人的幸福为准则的，是绝对普遍适用的道德律。” Kant proposed “ morality is not to conform to the happiness of the individual or others , it is absolute and universally applicable.” 4 上帝永远指导着世间万事万物，上帝万能，灵魂不死，以并非有愧幸福的方式行事，一定有望获得幸福(）。