大学英语语法总结.docVIP

大学英语语法总结 一. 四六级中虚拟语气用法的总结虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达： a. 非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。b. 与客观事实相反地情景， 即强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的， 其特点是主从句时态的不一致， 而且一般有明显得标志。虚拟语气的考点为：would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时：It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／ advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋动词原形；It is time／abouttime／hightime＋that＋一般过去时：proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句1. 与现在的事实相反：从句用一般过去时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day.2. 与过去的事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋ 现在完成时If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree.3. 与将来的事实相反：从句用should (were to，did) + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用wasIf I were you, I would go to look for him.　　 如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right.??如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。　 Were they here now, they could help us.　=If they were here now, they could help us.　 Had you come earlier, you would have met him　=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.　　 Should it rain, the crops would be saved.　=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.典型例题　_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I　　 B. I were　C. Were I　D. Was I 　 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I to do.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。例如：条件句动作发生在过去，主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。　　If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.　 （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）　　If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).Wish 句型 表达“但愿…，要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：