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Chapter 13: Postmodern Literature I. What is postmodernism? A. Categories: 範籌 It is an aesthetic style, a cultural situation, a critical practice, an economic condition, a political attitude, etc. B. Characteristics: 特徵 1. redemption 再生 (remotivation, refunctioning, rewriting, recycling,  reframing, reterritorialization, etc.) 2. poste (TV), the electronic, conduction 共導 (非 induction, deduction) 3. return to pleasure, mass culture, popular taste, etc. (喜樂、大眾文化、通俗品味) 4. the hybrid 混雜 (biography criticism, fiction history, etc.) 5. the loss of “the real” 6. the replacement of “grand narratives” with “little narratives” C. Words Related to Postmodernism: appropriation (挪用), aberrant decoding (背離的解碼), banality (平凡), bricolage (補貼創製), collage (美術拼貼), consumption (消費), chance (機運), displacement (位移), deconstruction (解構), democratization (民主化), exchange value (交易值), everyday life, entropy (熵), feminism, fashion, fetish (神物崇拜), heterogeneity (混雜}, heteroglossia (雜語), image, indeterminacy (不定性), iterability (重複性), intertextuality (文際性), implosion (內爆熔合), jouissance (極樂), lateness, leveling (弄平), montage (蒙太奇,湊合), overdetermination (多因至果), parody (模仿), pastiche (雜集), performance (表演), playfulness (好玩),quotation (引言), readymade (成品), repetition, self-reflection (自我反射), sign, textuality (文性), volatility (揮發性), etc. D. Relations: conceptual art (如 Klein “Aerostatic Sculpture), computer, compact disc, dandyism (花花公子氣息), ecology, film, graffiti (塗鴉), happening (Kaprow, a performance, event or situation as art), mechanic reproduction, media, MTV, multi-national corporations, mime (Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extension) , OULIPO (Workshop for Potential Literature), pop art (everyday persons objects), photography, situationists (要 dialectical unification of art life), site-specific art (考慮 location), television, tape recorders, word-processor, Xerox, yuppies (young urban professionals), etc. II. When