第三章虚拟语气.docVIP

虚拟语气 虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood），又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反，在现实中并不存在，或实现的可能性很小。 一、动词的语气 语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood)有三种，分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1.陈述语气 陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问，主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 Where there is a will, theres a way. Can you help me carry the box upstairs? How I missed the life in the countryside! 2.祈使语气 祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。 Come this way, please! Do be careful when crossing the street. 3.虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. I wish it were spring all the year round. May good luck be yours! 二、条件句中的虚拟语气 英语中条件从句有两类，一类是真实条件句，另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句；如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。 A．真实条件句 真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。 If he doesnt come at 8, we wont wait for him. If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. B．非真实条件句 在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，其构成有三种形式： 与现在事实相反 if条件句的谓语：were did 主句的谓：would (could/should/might) + do 与过去事实相反 if条件句的谓语：had done 主句的谓：would(could/should/might) + have done 与将来事实相反 if条件句的谓语：did/were 主句的谓：should do would (could/should/might) + do were to do 1． 表示与现在事实相反的条件 条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。可用情态动词could, might代替should, would表示情态。 If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. If I were you, I should go and try. If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 2．表示与过去事实相反的条件 条件从句用动词的过去完成时，主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+have done，也可用could, might代替should, would。 If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 3． 表示在将来不太可能实现的条件 表示在将来不太可能实现的条件从句有三种形式： ① were/did 条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。也可用could, might代替should, would。 If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. If she had time