09-08高三语法打印总体.docVIP

一、情态动词 一、情态动词本身含义 1.must与have to： （1）must“必须”，表说话人主观的看法。如We must carry the injured man to the side of the road.而have to侧重客观上“不得不”。如We have to fight,or we’ll be killed. （2）must多用于一般现在时，偶尔用于一般过去时。have to有人称与数的变化，并可用于许多时态。如The situation has changed. We’ll have to change our plan. （3）must否定有两种形式：mustn’t表禁止“决不能”；needn’t表“不必”。have to否定为don’t（doesn’t/didn’t）have to，相当于needn’t。反意疑问句表“必须”时：He must turn in the exercise,mustn’t he? 表“必要”时：He must leave behind to look after you,needn’t he? （4）must表语气：Why must you interrupt me? If you must know, I will tell you. 2.can与could与be able to： （1）can（一般现在时）,could（一般过去式）。be able to可用于各种时态。如She hasn’t been able to work for months. （2）could与was/were able to的区别：could表过去用能力，却不一定付诸实施。如I could swim,but I didn’t jump into the river.而was/were able to表过去特定某次能力，尽管实施过程中用许多困难，但最终成功，常译成“总算”“总能”。如A big fire broke out.At last, they were able to escape. （3）could可用于现在时表委婉。如Could you tell me the way ? 注：回答不能用could，而用can，即Yes,I can. 3.may与might： （1）表请求允许或许可，口语中可用can/could代替。如――May I go?肯定回答：Yes,you may go. 否定回答：No,you mustn’t. （2）might可用于现在时表委婉，回答应用may。（与could类似） 4.should，ought to与shall： （1）should含建议或劝告语气，指“依我看应该干某事”。如I think you should start now.而ought to语气较强，表“有责任有义务干某事”。如The patient is your father.You ought to look after him. （2）ought to 否定形式是ought not to do，一般疑问句型是Ought…to do? （3）should的原形shall在第一人称问句中表征求对方意见。如Where shall we meet? shall也用于第三人称表下级向上级征求意见。注：征求意见第二人称用will/would。 (4).shall可用在陈述句中，二三人称，表示语气：命令，威胁，允诺，决心，协议等。 5.need（需要）与dare（敢）： （1）都可作情态动词。如She need/dare（not）go. Need/Dare she go?也都可作行为动词。如She needs/dares to go.She doesn’t need/dare to go.Does she need/dare to go? 注意1：need作情态动词多用于疑问句与否定句，need作行为动词多用于肯定句。注意2：反意疑问句要看其是情态动词还是行为动词。如She need go,needn’t she?与She needs to go,doesn’t she? （2）注意need问句如――Need I come?的回答：－–Yes,you must.或――No,you needn’t. （3）need作行为动词＋doing主动表被动：如The room needs cleaning.= needs to be cleaned. （4）used to（过去常常）是半情态动词，也有两种否定形式used not to do或didn’t use to do。相应的疑问句：Used she to be a teacher?或Did she use to be a teach