教学方法的优点和局限性.doc

Instructional Method Advantages Limitations Presentation Can be used with groups of all sizes Gives all students the opportunity to see and hear the same information Provides students with an organized perspective of lesson content (i.e., information is structured and relationships among concepts are illustrated) Can be used to efficiently present a large amount of content Requires little students activity Makes assessment of student’s mental involvement difficult Doesn’t provide feedback to students; by definition, presentation is a one-way approach Demonstration Utilizes several senses; students can see, hear ,and possibly experience an actual event Has dramatic appeal if the presenter uses good showmanship techniques ,such as demonstrating an unexpected result or a discrepant event May be difficult for all students to see the demonstration Is time-consuming if demonstrations are done live Demonstrations may not go as planned Discussion Allows students to actively practive problem-solving , critical-thinking, and higher-level thinking skills Is interesting and stimulating for teachers and students alike Can change attitudes and knowledge level Makes effective use of students’ backgrounds and experiences Students must have a common experience (reading a book , viewing a video , participating in an activity) in order to meaningfully participate and contribute\ Teacher must prepare and possess discussion-leading skills for the method to be effective Games Actively involves students and encourages social interaction through communication among players Provides the opportunity for practice of skills with immediate feedback Can be incorporated into many instructional situations to increase student motivation Help students learn to deal with unpredictable circumstances May involve students with competition more than content Can be impossible to play if pieces are lost or damaged\ Can be time-consuming to set up if games have many components Simulation Provides p