广西科技大学机电工程专业英语16~27章复习.胡迎春.docVIP

16、Exercise ：Translate the Following Paragraphs Carburizing consists of absorption and diffusion of cartoon solid ferrous alloys by heating to some temperature above the upper transformation temperature of the specific alloy ．Temperatures used for carburizing are generally in the range of 1650 °F of to 1900°F (900 ℃ to 1040℃)．Heating is done in a carbonaceous environment(liquid，solid ，or gas) ．This produces a carbon gradient extending inward from the surface，enabling the surface layers to be hardened to a high degree either by quenching from the carburizing temperature or by cooling to room temperature followed by reaustenitizing and quenching． Carbonitriding is a case hardening process in which a ferrous material (most often a low-carbon grade of steel) is heated above the transformation temperature in a gaseous atmosphere of such compostition as to cause simultaneous absorption of carbon and nitrogen at (by) the surface and ，by diffusion a concentration，gradient is created. The process is completed by cooling at a rate that produces the desired properties in the workplace． 17. Exercise ：Translate the Following Paragraphs Kinematic simulation or animation can be an important CAD/CAM capability in certain settings. Through animation, users can design a product or a process that involves moving components and analyze its behavior without having to build prototypes and conduct live trial runs. For example, mechanical linkage designs have historically been difficult because testing their actual behavior has required engineers to build models or prototypes. In such a setting, engineers frequently resort to building cardboard or wooden models, a time-consuming process. With animation, a computer model can be quickly built and displayed. By watching the computer screen, the engineer can easily see how the linkage performs. Other useful applications of animation are in analyzing the performance of a robot in a cell or automated guided vehicles (AGV) on the shop fl