西南地区农村工程性缺水因成分析.docxVIP

西南地区农村工程性缺水成因分析莫涛 高干 张乐昕 杨志超 李晶辉 段泽华摘要：通过问卷调查、走访民众、实地考察以及与政府有关部门座谈，分析西南地区农村工程性缺水的成因。结果表明西南地区农村工程性缺水主要受喀斯特地貌、土地石漠化、资金紧缺、人才匮乏等因素影响。西南地区农村工程性缺水问题是一个集自然因素、社会因素于一体的较为复杂的问题。提出加强思想教育、引进技术人才、加大资金投入等措施，为解决西南地区农村工程性缺水问题提供参考。关键词：工程性缺水；现状；问题；对策Survey report of rural engineering water shortage in Southwest ChinaMo Tao, Gao Gan, Zhang Lexin,Yang Zhichao, Li Jinghui, Duan ZehuaAbstract： In order to get a good knowledge about the problem of rural engineering water shortage in Southwest China, questionnaire surveys were conducted, while the methods of visiting people in rural area, investigation in the field as well as communication with the local government were used to analyze the cause of engineering water shortage. The result indicates that the shortage lies on the impact of Karst landform, stony desertification alongside the shortage of funds and qualified personnel. To solve the problems, we call for the promotion of ideological education and the introduction of more technological talents and funds. The problem of rural engineering water shortage in Southwest China is a composite of intricate natural and social factors. The paper proposes measures such as strengthening ideological education, introducing technical personnel, and increasing the input of funds, providing a reference for solving the problem of rural engineering water shortage in Southwest China.Key words: engineering water shortage; current situation; problem; countermeasures中图分类号：N8 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1000-1123（2013）08-0025-032009 年秋季以来，贵州、云南、广西、四川及重庆五省（ 自治区、直辖市）屡屡遭受特大旱灾。西南地区广大农村因旱出现严重的饮水困难。了解当地基本自然条件的基础上，结合水资源管理及农村饮水安全工程建设现状，深度剖析西南地区工程性缺水问题，并提出对策措施，为解决西南地区农村工程性缺水问题提供参考。一、调查地点及方法2011 年，清华大学土木水利学院组织赴西南调研农田水利联合支队，选取位于云南省文山壮族自治州的丘北县和富宁县以及位于贵州省黔西南布依族苗族自治州的兴仁县作为调查地点，采用问卷调查、走访民众、实地考察以及与有关部门座谈等方法进行调研，做出省际、县际对比，深入了解了工程性缺水问题的实质。二、工程性缺水原因分析1.自然因素的影响（1）喀斯特地貌的影响复杂多变的喀斯特地貌是丘北县、富宁县和兴仁县境内的主要地貌类型，诸多溶洞、地下暗河、漏斗状泄水口、落水洞等，提高了修建水库的技术要求，增大了施工难度，严重制约三地蓄水工程的建设。截至2010年3 月，云南省蓄水工程总库容仅108 亿m3，水库蓄水总库容不到多年平均径流量的2%，年缺水总量达41亿m3 左右。据丘北县水务局的负责人指出，西南地区