水产养殖场进排口水质变化研究.docVIP

水产养殖场进排口水质变化研究 郑立东 （浙江海洋学院海洋科学与技术学院，浙江舟山316004） [摘要]根据2004年5月10日对浙江海洋水产研究所西闪养殖场4个养殖塘及进、排水口水体温度、盐度、pH值、溶解氧、营养盐（硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮、氨氮、非离子氨、磷酸盐）、有机物（化学需氧量COD）等理化指标和大肠杆菌、细菌总数等生物指标测定结果，结合浙江省海洋水产研究积累的关于全省范围内养殖场进、排口水质的数据，分析讨论了水产养殖场进、排水口水质的变化特征及其原因。结果表明:养殖过程对水体影响与养殖类型有关。养殖过程对水体的水温、盐度和pH影响不大； pH下降与饲料系数高有关；溶解氧含量排水口比进水口低，但仍维持在饱和状态，与养殖密度、投饵率和人工增氧有关。硝酸氮是无机氮的主要存在形式，无机氮和有机物含量有升高趋势，氨氮有下降的趋势，与养殖密度，投饵率和各种无机氮之间的相互转换有关。活性磷酸盐含量在排水口含量下降，与排水口流水速度慢，磷酸盐沉淀有关。生物指标细菌总数和大肠杆菌总数在排水口比进水口低现象普遍存在，这与养殖场杀菌消毒等措施有关。养殖过程对有机物、悬浮物质的影响与进水的悬浮物含量高低有关。 [关键词]水产养殖；进水口；排水口；水质；变化 Study on the variation characteristic of water quality in infall、outfall of aquaculture ponds1 ZhengLi-dong (Marine Science and Technology College of Zhejiang University Zhoushan 316004) [Abstract]Based on the results of water quality (physical and chemical factors ,water temperature, salinity,pH,thedissolvedoxygenammonia-N,nitrite-N,nitrate-N,phashate-P,chemical oxygen demand and creature index total number of bacteria ,coli form group )from determining the 4 pools and infall、outfall of the xishan island aquaculture pond,integrated with the data of water quality in infall、outfall of pond from aquaculture ponds in zhejiang province,the variation characteristic of water quality in infall、outfall of pond and its reasons were analysised and discussed.The results showed that: the influence of the aquaculture process on aquaculture water determined by type of aquaculture; the influence of aquaculture process on the water temperature, salinity and pH value were not wide.the descent of pH value was related to feed coefficients ; the dissolve oxygen of water in outfall was lower than the water in infall,but the concentration still maintained at the saturation level, is mainly affected by density of aquaculture ,rate of feed and artificial measures of increasing oxygen ;the major form of inorganic nitrogen was nitrate-N;the concentration of inorganic nitrogen and the organic matter tended to increase ,but the ammonium to decline ,this was rela