软件工程试题.docxVIP

为什么产生软Born in 1968, Because of Software Crisis(high costs, slow delivery, low quality)什么是软件：Computer programs and associated documentation and Configuration Data程序、相关文档和数据 Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market 订制和通用什么是软件工程：Software engineering is an engineering discipline which is concerned with all aspects of software production（涉及软件所有方面的工程原则）Software engineers should adopt a systematic and organised approach to their work and use appropriate tools and techniques depending on the problem to be solved, the development constraints and the resources available（采用系统方法、工具和管理技术）什么是软件过程A set of activities whose goal is the development or evolution of softwareGeneric activities in all software processes are:Specification 、Development 、Validation 、Evolution软件开发和升级的一系列活动：描述、开发、测试和升级（定义、设计、实现和测试）软件过程模型：Waterfall（瀑布型）Evolutionary development（进化型）Formal transformation（形式化型）Integration from reusable components（面向复用型）What is CASE 辅助工具：Software systems which are intended to provide automated support for software process activities. CASE systems are often used for method supportUpper-CASE（高端工具）Tools to support the early process activities of requirements and designLower-CASE（低端工具）Tools to support later activities such as programming, debugging and testing优良软件的特性Maintainability（可维护）Dependability（可信赖）Efficiency（有效）Usability（可用）面临的挑战：Legacy systems（遗留系统）Old, valuable systems must be maintained and updatedHeterogeneity（多样性）Systems are distributed and include a mix of hardware and softwareDelivery（交付）There is increasing pressure for faster delivery of software职业道德professional responsibility：Confidentiality （机密）Competence （工作竞争力）Intellectual property rights （知识产权）Computer misuse （计算机滥用）瀑布模型需求定义 系统和软件设计 编码和单元测试 集成和系统测试 运行和维护瀑布模型的问题：Inflexible partitioning of the project into distinct stages（僵化的阶段划分）This makes it difficult to respond to changing customer requirements（不适应需求变化）Therefore, this model is only appropriate when the r